A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X
Y Z
A |
|
Accidental Discovery |
New
designs, ideas, and developments different from that originally hoped for
from research. |
Accountability Matrix
|
See
responsibility assignment matrix. |
ACIS
|
A solid
modeling engine or kernal used in a number of CAD systems. Having a common
solids modeling engine allows more ready interchange of data between
different CAD systems. |
ACIS SAT
|
A file
format for 3D solid geometry created by systems using the ACIS solids
modeling engine. |
Activity
|
An element of work perfomed during the course of a project. An activity normally has an expected duration, an expected cost, and expected resource requirements. Ctivities can be subdivided into tasks. |
Activity Based Costing (ABC) / Custeio Baseado em
Atividades (ABC)
|
A costing and analysis method that associates resources and their costs to activities and then associates the costs of activities to cost objects (e.g., a product) based on a cost drivers which measure use of an activity by the cost object. / Um motor ou um kernal modelando contínuo usado em um número de Sistemas de CAD. Tendo os sólidos comuns que modelam o motor Permitem um intercâmbio mais pronto dos dados entre sistemas de CAD diferentes. |
Activity Definition
|
Identifying
the specific activities that must be performed to produce the various project
deliverables. |
Activity Description (AD)
|
A short
phrse or label used in a project network diagram. The activity description
normally describes the scope of work of the activity. |
Activity Duration Estimating
|
Estimating
the number of work periods that will be needed to complete individual
activities |
Activity Sequencing
|
Identifying
and documenting interactivity logical relationships. (início do glossário) |
Activity-on-Arrow (AOA)
|
See
arrow diagramming method. |
Activity-on-Node (AON)
|
See precedence diagramming method. |
Actual Cost (AC)
|
Total
costs incurred that must relate to whatever cost was budgeted within the
planned value and earned value (which can sometimes be direct labor hours aloone, direct costs alone
including indirect costs) in accomplishing work during a given time
period. See also earned value. |
Actual Cost of Work
Performed (ACWP)
|
This
term has been replaced with the term actual cost. |
Actual Finish Date (AF)
|
The
point in time that work actually ended on an activity. (Note: in some
application areas, the activity is considered "finished" when work
is "substantially complete".). |
Actual Start Date
(AS)
|
The
point in time that work actually started on an activity. |
Adminstrative Closure
|
Generating,
gatherin, and disseminating information to formatize phase or project
completion. |
Advance Quality
Planning (AQP)
|
An
assessment at the start of product development to identify problems with
other similar products so that preventative steps or counter-measures can be
taken with the new product. |
Affinity Diagram
|
Affinity
diagrams or charts are a simple way for a group to cluster qualitative data
and come up with a consensus view on a subject. It is often used with QFD to
sort and organize the large amount of customer needs data. In this instance,
statements of customer needs are written on cards or post-its. The
cards or post-its are logically organized by the group and the
group develops headings under which to cluster these needs. The cards or
post-its are moved to the appropriate group headings. |
Affordability
|
The
characteristic of a product with a selling price that that is no more than
its functional worth to a customer and is within the customer's ability to
pay. |
Algorithm of Inventive
Problem Solving (ARIZ)
|
Russian
acronym for Algorithm of Inventive Problem Solving (see TIPS). |
Alpha Test
|
In-house
testing of pre-production products to find and eliminate the most obvious
design defects or deficiencies, either in a laboratory setting or in some
part of the developing firm's regular operations. See
also beta test. |
Ambiente Virtual
|
Ambiente sintético desenvolvido em computador para simular tanto um ambiente
imaginário quanto um ambiente real. |
Análise SWOT
|
uma metodologia para análise de cenários em
planejamento estratégico que considera as forças, fraquezas, ameaças e
oportunidades da empresa. |
Analog Hardware Description Language (AHDL)
|
Analog
Hardware Description Language (IEEE standard 1076.1) - describes the physical
design, electronic behavior, logical structure and system annotation
information for analog circuits. |
Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
|
A
decision making tool for complex, multi-criteria problems where both
qualitative and quantitative aspects of a problem need to be incorporated.
AHP clusters the decision elements according to their common characteristics
into a hierarchical structure similar to a family tree. It involves building
a hierarchy (Ranking) of decision elements and then making comparisons
between each possible pair in each cluster (as a matrix). This gives a
weighting for each element within a cluster (or level of the hierarchy) and
also a consistency ratio (useful for checking the consistency of the data).
By reducing complex decisions to a series of simple comparisons and rankings,
then synthesizing the results, AHP helps arrive at the best decision and also
provides a clear rationale for the choice made. The Analytical Hierarchy
Process Model was designed by TL Saaty as a decision making aid. |
Anticipatory Failure Determination (AFD)
|
Is a
failure analysis method. Like FMEA, it has the objective of identifying and
mitigating failures. Rather than asking developers to look for a cause of a
failure mode, it reverses the problem by asking developers to view the
failure of interest as the intended consequence and try to devise ways to
assure that the failure always happens reliably. This viewpoint then
facilitates better identifying steps to avoid the failure. |
Application Activity Model (AAM)
|
Application
Activity Model (STEP) - A formal functional description of the processes in a
defined application context. The AAM includes definition of those data items
which act as inputs, controls, outputs, and mechanisms on those processes.
The purpose of these representations are 1.) to obtain an understanding and
agreement of the application process, and 2.) for data discovery. |
Application Area
|
A
category of projects that have common elements not present in all projects.
Application areas are usually defined in terms of either the product of the
project (i.e., by similar technologies or industri sectors) or the type of
customer (e.g., internal versus external, government versus commercial)
Application areas often overlap. |
Application Protocol
Interface - Application Programming Interface (API)
|
1.
Application Protocol Interface
2. Application Programming Interface - the standard set of functions
provided by a program or operating system to allow for integration of other
software. Two programs linked via an API can both be altered and still work
together so long as both conform to the API. |
Application Protocols
(AP)
|
These
specify implementable STEP data constructs for communicating informa-tion in
a defined application context. It defines the context for the use of product
data and specifies the use of the base standard in that context to satisfy an
industrial need. AP's are Parts in the 200 series of the STEP standard. |
Application Reference Model (ARM)
|
Application
Reference Model (STEP) - An information model that formally describes the
information requirements and constraints for an application area. The
information model uses application-specific terminology and rules familiar to
an expert from the application area. The model is independent of any physical
implementation and must be validated by experts from the application area. |
Application Specific
Integrated Circuit (ASIC)
|
Application
Specific Integrated Circuit - a semi-custom chip used in a specific
application that is design by integrating standard cells from a library. |
Application Specific Standard
Part (ASSP)
|
Application
Specific Standard Part - a chip that is originally designed as an ASIC and is
later released for general use. |
Apportionment
|
The
assignment of goals such as reliability from system to subsystem in such a
way that the whole system will meet the required goal. |
Architecture / Arquitetura
|
See "product architecture." / Ver "Arquitetura de
Produto". |
Arrow
|
The
graphic presentation of an activity. See also arrow diagramming method. |
Arrow Diagramming Method
(ADM)
|
A
network diagramming technique in which activities are represented by arrows.
The tail of the arrow represents the start, and the head represents the
finish of the activity (the length of the arrow does not represent the
expected duration of the activity). Activities are connected at points called
nodes (usually drawn as smal circles) to illustrate the sequence in which the
activities are expected to be performed. See also precedence
dagramming method. |
Artificial Intelligence (AI) / Inteligência Artificial (IA)
|
É o estudo de aparelhos e sistemas computacionais
feitos pelo homem que podem agir de uma maneira que nos levaria a qualificar
como inteligente. Esta definição incorpora o aprendizado e a adaptabilidade
como características gerais da inteligência. |
As-Is Map
|
A
version of a process map depicting how an existing process actually operates.
This may differ substantially from documented guidelines. |
As-of Date
|
See data date. |
Associativity
|
A link
between two different functions in a CAD system that assures that a change
made in one area is reflected in all other areas. For example, a change to a
solid model will be reflected in its drawing and related CAM program.
Bi-directional associativity indicates that updates happen in both directions
between functions. For example, a change to a drawing will be reflected in
its solids model. |
Assumptions
|
Assumptions
are factor that, for planning purposes, are considered to be true, real or
certain. Assumptions affect all aspects of project planning, and are part of
the progressive elaboration of the project. Project teams frequently
identify, document, and validate assumptions as part of their planning
process. Assumptions generally involve a degree of risk. |
Assumptions Analysis
|
A
technique that explores the assumptions accuracy and identifies risks to the
project from inaccuracy, inconsistency, or incompleteness of assumptions. |
Autentificação
|
Técnicas utilizadas em computação para a checagem de
propriedade de determinada informação. Em redes, evita que pacotes maliciosos
de fontes fictícias sejam manipuladas pelos receptores. |
Automatic Test Pattern
Generation (ATPG)
|
Automatic
Test Pattern Generation - a software tool that utilizes lists of faults and a
model of the circuit to analyze the logical and topical nature of the circuit
in order to create test vectors for each fault. |
Availability
|
The
characteristic of the product that defines the percentage of time that a
product is available and operational for customer use. |
Avaliação do Desempenho Financeiro
|
documentos ou conjunto de documentos que sumarizam o
desempenho da empresa em termos financeiros, tais como: lucro líquido, etc… |
Avaliação do Desempenho no Mercado
|
documentos ou conjunto de documentos que sumarizam o
resultado da empresa no mercado, tais como: fatia, valor total do mercado,
tendências, avaliações de preferências dos consumidores. |
Avaliação do Desempenho Operacional
|
documentos ou conjunto de documentos que sumarizam o
desempenho dos processos de negócio da empresa, vendas, tempo de atendimento,
número de clientes, tamanho da força de vendas, etc... |
Awareness
|
A
measure of the percent of target customers who are aware of the new product's
existence. Awareness is variously defined, including recall of brand,
recognition of brand, recall of key features or positioning |
B |
|
Backward Pass
|
The
calculation of late finish dates an late start dates for the uncompleted
portions of all network activities. Determined by working backwards through
the network logic from the projects end date. The end date may be calculated
in a forward pass or set by the customes or sponsor. See
also network analysis |
Balanced Score Card
|
A comprehensive performance measurement technique
that considers four areas of performance in a balanced way: 1) customer
perspective - how customers see us, 2) internal perspective - what we must
excel at, 3) innovation & learning - how we continue to improve and
create value, 4)financial perspective - how we meet shareholder needs / É um
sistema de controle estratégico que tem como objetivo esclarecer e traduzir a
visão da empresa, comunicar e alinhar os objetivos e fornecer feedback sobre
a implementação da estratégia, sendo constituído por um conjunto balanceado de
medidas de desempenho
financeiras e não-financeiras, ligadas por relações de causa-e-efeito e
organizadas em quatro perspectivas: financeira, cliente, processo interno de
negócio e aprendizagem /crescimento. |
Ball Grid Array
(BGA)
|
Ball
Grid Array - an electronic packaging technology in which solder balls are
mounted to the underside of the package in a grid arrangement and are flowed
for attachment to PCB's |
Bar Chart
|
A
graphic display of schedule-related information. In the tipycal bar chart,
activities or other project elements are listed down the left side of the
chart, dates are shown across the top, and activity durations are shown as
date-placed horizontal bars. Also called a Gantt chart. |
Baseline
|
The
original approved plan (for a project, a work package, or an activity), plus
or minus approved socope changes. Usually used with a modifier (e.g., cost
baseline, schedule baseline, performance measurement baseline) |
Baseline Finish Date
|
See sheduled finish date |
Baseline Start Date
|
See Scheduled start date |
Baton-Passing Process
|
See
Relay Race Process. / Ver Relay
Race Process |
Benchmarking / Benchmarking
|
A
process of studying successful competitors (or organizations in general) and
selecting the best of their actions or standards. In the new product program
it means finding the best development process methods and the best process
times to market and setting out to achieve them. / Benchmarking é o processo contínuo de medição de
produtos, serviços e práticas em relação aos mais fortes concorrentes, ou às
empresas reconhecidas como líderes em suas indústrias |
Benefit
|
A
product attribute expressed in terms of what the user gets from the product
rather than its physical characteristics or features. Benefits are often
paired with specific features, but they need not be. They
are perceived, not necessarily real. |
Beta Test
|
An
external test of pre-production products. The purpose is to test the product
for all functions in a breadth of field situations to find those system
faults that are more likely to show in actual use than in the firm's more
controlled in-house tests before sale to the general market. See
also alpha test. |
Bezier curve
|
Polynomial
used to describe complex curves and surfaces |
Bill of Material (BOM) / Estrutura de Produto
|
Bill of
Material - a list of sub-assemblies, components and/or raw materials that
make up a higher-level component, assembly, product or system. An engineering
BOM represents the assembly structure implied by the parts lists on drawings
and drawing tree structure. A manufacturing BOM represents
the assembly build-up the way a product is manufactured. / Lista de todas as
submontagens, componentes intermediários, matérias-primas e itens comprados
que são utilizados na fabricação e/ou montagem de um produto, mostrando as relações
de precedência e quantidade de cada item necessário, também pode conter outro |
Boothroyd Dewhurst, Inc (BDI)
|
Boothroyd
Dewhurst, Inc. - vendors of DFMA software |
Boundary Representation (B-Rep)
|
Boundary
Representation - solids modeling approach based on representing exterior
surfaces that define a solid (as opposed to constructive solid geometry). |
Boundary Scan
|
A design
for testability method that places a scan register at at every pin of every
chip on a board for board testing and diagnostics. The test process can
control and observe the state of every pin I/O pin without requiring physical
access to any of them |
Brainstorming
|
A group
method of problem-solving used in product concept generation, there are many
modifications in format of use, each variation with its own name. |
Brand
|
A name,
term, design, symbol, or any other feature that identifies one seller's good
or service as distinct from those of other sellers. The legal term for brand
is trademark. A brand may identify one item, a family of items, or all items
of that seller. |
Brand Development Index (BDI)
|
A
measure of the relative strength of a brand's sales in a geographic area.
Computationally BDI is the percent of total national brand sales which occur
in an area divided by the percent of US households which reside in that area.
|
Breadboard
|
A
proof-of-concept modeling technique that represents how a product will work,
but not how a product will look. |
Break Even After Release (BEAR)
|
Break
Even After Release - a metric that measures the time after release of a
product for production or sale until the the product has achieved financial
breakeven considering the investment in development and other non-recurring
expenses. |
Breakeven Time
(BET)
|
Breakeven
Time - a product development metric |
B-spline
|
A
mathematical interpolation method for describing complex curves and surfaces |
Budger Estimate
|
See estimate |
Budget at Completion (BAC)
|
The sum
of the total budgets for a project. |
Budgeted Cost of Work
Performed (BCWP)
|
This
term has been replaced with the term Earned Value |
Budgeted Cost of Work
Scheduled (BCWS)
|
This
term has been replaced with the term Planned value |
Buffer
|
See Reserve |
Built-in-Self-Test (BIST)
|
Built-in-Self-Test
- a feature of automatic testing where many test pattern programs are built
directly into the circuit generally for go/no-go testing of the assembly or
circuit using signature analysis |
Business Analysis
|
An
analysis of the business situation surrounding a proposed project. Usually
includes financial forecasts in terms of discounted cash flows, net present
values or internal rates of returns |
Business Case
|
The
results of the business analysis, or up-front homework. Ideally defined just
prior to the “go to development" decision (gate), the case defines the
product and project, including the project justification and the action or
business plan. |
Business Management Team
|
Top
functional managers and business unit head who work together throughout the
design of the decision-flow component of a stage-gate process. |
Business Modeling / Modelo de Negócios
|
Modelagem de Negócio é a área de estudos que
desenvolve técnicas métodos e ferramentas para o desenvolvimento de
representações de uma organização real, e servem como uma referência comum
para todos os seus membros, sejam eles pessoas, sistemas ou recurso |
Business Plan
|
o termo Business Plan ou simplesmente Plano de
Negócios foi propositalmente evitado no modelo de referência. Considera-se
que, na forma como apresentado na literatura, ele poderia ser empregado com
diferentes níveis de detalhes em mais de um momento do modelo de referência.
Os termos que correspondem a ele são Plano Estratégico Corporativo, Plano
Estratégico da Unidade de Negócios e Plano Estratégico de Negócios |
Business Process (BP) / Processo de Negócios
|
É um fenômeno que ocorre dentro das empresas.
Compreende um conjunto de atividades repetitivas realizadas na empresa,
associadas às informações que manipula, utilizando os recursos e a
organização da empresa. Forma uma unidade coesa e deve ser focalizado |
Business Process Modeling / Modelo de Processo de Negócio
|
É uma representação do processo de negócio, contendo
uma ou mais visões do processo. As visões mais usuais são as de atividades ou
funções, informações ou dados, organização, recursos e a de processo
propriamente dita, que procura colocar em uma mesma representação a interação
entre atividades e informações. Em alguns formalismos de representação essa
visão de processo contém ainda os eventos que ocorrem ao final da realização
de uma atividade, os recursos utilizados para a sua realização e os seus
responsáveis. |
Business to Business (B2B)
|
Non-consumer
purchasers such as manufacturers, resellers (distributors, wholesalers,
jobbers and retailers, for example) institutional, professional and governmental
organizations. Frequently referred to as "industrial"
businesses in the past. |
Buyer
|
The
purchaser of a product, whether or not they will be the ultimate user.
Especially in business-to-business markets, a purchasing agent may contract
for the actual purchase of a good or service, yet never benefit from the
function(s) purchased. |
Buyer Concentration
|
The
degree to which purchasing power is held by a relatively small percentage of
the total number of buyers in the market |
C |
|
CAD Framework Initiative (CFI)
|
CAD
Framework Initiative - a standard to facilitate integration of electronic
design automation (EDA) tools This allows an organization to select
"best of class" tools without worrying about integration issues.
The CFI standards cover Design Representation Programming Interface, the
Intertool Communication Programming Interface, the Tools Encapsulation
Specification, the Computing Environment Services. |
Calendar Unit
|
The
smallest unit of time used in scheduling the project. Calendar unit are
primarily in relation to project management software |
Cannibalization
|
When the
demand for a new product arises at least in part by eroding demand for (sales
of) a current product the firm markets |
Cannot Duplicate (failures) (CND)
|
Also
known as "No Trouble Found" (NTF) |
Capability Maturity Model
|
A model
of five levels of process maturity developed by the Software Engineering
Institute. These five levels starting at level one are: ad-hoc, repeatable,
defined, managed and optimized. |
Capability Maturity Model (CMM)
|
Capability
Maturity Model - a model of five levels of process maturity developed by the
Software Engineering Institute. These five levels starting at level one are:
ad-hoc, repeatable, defined, managed and optimized. |
Capacity Planning
|
A
forward-looking activity which monitors the skill sets and effective resource
capacity of the organization. |
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
|
Folhas de estilo que podem ser aplicadas em conjuntos
de páginas Web. |
Case Based Reasoning
(CBR) / Raciocínio Baseado em Casos (RBC)
|
é uma tecnologia derivada da pesquisa em IA que tem
seu conhecimento representado como casos previamente usados para resolver
problemas (Kolodner, 1993). Assim, os casos devem ser vistos como uma parte
da memória, que é armazenada e pode ser usada em futuras consultas. |
Category Development Index (CDI)
|
A
measure of the relative strength of a category's sales in a geographic area.
Computationally it is the percent of total national category sales which
occur in an area divided by the percent of US households which live in that
area. |
Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE)
|
O ambiente CAVE, é baseado em um cômodo, onde as
paredes, piso e teto são telas que recebem a projeção sincronizada das partes
de um mundo virtual |
Champion
|
A person
who takes an inordinate interest in seeing that a particular process or
product is fully developed and marketed. The role varies from situations
calling for little more than stimulating awareness of the opportunity to
extreme cases where the champion tries to force a project past the strongly
entrenched internal resistance of company policy or that of objecting
parties. |
Change Control Board -
Configuration Control Board
(CCB)
|
A
formaly constituted group of stakeholders responsible for approving or
rejecting changes to the project baselines |
Change Equilibrium
|
A
balance of organizational forces that either drives or impedes change |
Change Management
|
Gestão do processo de mudança empresarial que
normalmente ocorre de forma contínua e deve acontecer de forma sistemática e
estruturada. |
Chart of Accounts
|
Any
numbering system used to monitor project cost by category (e.g., labor,
supplies, materials, and equpment). The project chart of accounts is usually based upon the
corporate chart of accounts of primary performing organization. |
Charter
|
See Project Charter |
Checklist
|
A
memory-jogger list of items used to remind an analyst to think of all
relevant aspects. It finds frequent use as a tool of creativity in concept
generation, as a factor consideration list in concept screening, and to
ensure that all appropriate tasks have been completed in any stage of the
product development process |
Chip-on-Board
(COB)
|
a
component packaging technology in which bare integrated circuits are attached
directly to the substrate and interconnected by means of microscopic wires |
Chunks
|
The
building blocks of product architecture. They are made up of inseparable
physical elements. ther terms for chunks may be modules or major subassemblies |
Classification
|
A
systematic arrangement into groups or classes based on natural relationships.
|
Classification and Coding (CC)
|
Técnica para definir famílias de itens (peças,
produtos, equipamentos etc.) facilitando a recuperação desses itens ou infos
relacionadas. Codificação abrange a atribuição de um código para os itens com
o intuito de identificá-lo e mesmo classificá-lo dent |
Cloud of Points
|
A set of
x-y-z coordinates obtained from a 3D scanner or digitizer. The data can be
interpreted as a continuous surface and used in a 3D model. This
ia often used for reverse engineering |
Clusters
|
Agrupamento de empresas sob a forma de redes onde
expõem suas competências essenciais e visam a exploração conjunta de novas
oportunidades de negócio; compartilhando recursos, habilidades, nichos de
mercado e custos, sem que haja um escritório central ou hierarquia. |
Code of Accounts
|
Any
numbering system used to uniquely identiy each element of the work breakdown
struture. See also Chart of Accounts |
Collaborative Engineering
|
É uma abordagem sistemática para
controle/gerenciamento do custo do ciclo de vida, da qualidade do produto e
do time to market durante o PDP, por meio do desenvolvimento simultâneo do
produto e dos processos em resposta às expectativas do consumidor, em que a
tomada de decisões asseguram/consideram as entradas e a avaliação de todas as
disciplinas(áreas de conhecimento) do ciclo de vida, incluindo uma estreita
participação dos fornecedores, e o uso da tecnologia de informação para dar
suporte à troca de informações quando necessário.(WILLAERT et al., 1998).
Representa uma evolução do conceito de Engenharia Simultânea para um
relacionamento mais estreito na rede de clientes e fornecedores durante o PDP |
Collaborative Product Commerce (CPC)
|
The Aberdeen
Group defines it as “...a class of software and services that uses Internet
technologies to permit individuals-no matter what role they have in the
commercialization of a product, no matter what computer-based tools they use,
no matter where they are located geographically or within the supply net-to
collaboratively develop, build, and manage products throughout the entire
lifecycle. Using a standard browser, an authorized CPC user can review
information from an extended-enterprise information system ‘view’ that
operates across a dispersed set of heterogeneous product development
resources. These resources typically reside in multiple
information repositories and are derived from independently implemented and
maintained systems.” / É uma abordagem sistemática para
controle/gerenciamento do custo do ciclo de vida, da qualidade do produto e
do time to market durante o PDP, por meio do desenvolvimento simultâneo do
produto e dos processos em resposta às expectativas do consumidor, em que a
tomada de decisões asseguram/consideram as entradas e a avaliação de todas as
disciplinas(áreas de conhecimento) do ciclo de vida, incluindo uma estreita
participação dos fornecedores, e o uso da tecnologia de informação para dar
suporte à troca de informações quando necessário.(WILLAERT et al., 1998).
Representa uma evolução do conceito de Engenharia Simultânea para um
relacionamento mais estreito na rede de clientes e fornecedores durante o PDP |
Co-location
|
The
physical locating of project personnel in one area, enabling more rapid and
frequent communication among them |
Commercialization
|
Commercialization
is the process to taking a new product from development to full volume sales.
It includes steps such as testing and market validation, production launch
and ramp-up, development of marketing programs and materials, supply chain
development, sales channel development, training development, training, and
service and support development |
Commodities
|
Produtos cujo diferencial entre diversos fornecedores
é apenas o seu preço, pois todos eles oferecem a mesma qualidade e
funcionalidade. Antigamente produtos que não posssuiam valor agregado
tecnológico eram considerados commodities (parafusos, porcas, etc..). Com o
avanço da tecnologia de fabricação produtos mais sofisticados podem ser
considerados hoje commodities, como por exemplo, certos componentes de
automóveis |
Communications Plannning
|
Determining
the information and communications needs of the will be given to them |
Competence / Competência
|
Pessoa ou organização qualificada para realizar algo
que agregue valor econômico à organização e valor social ao indivíduo. Aquilo
que você faz de melhor. |
Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD)
|
contains
more than 1,000 gates and 44 or more pins. |
Component / Componente
|
A
constituent part, an element |
Component Supplier Management (CSM)
|
A class
of software applications that maintain information about standard components,
both purchased and made, to support various functional disciplines such as
design, procurement, materials, configuration management, and manufacturing.
This system serves as a central repository for component and supplier
information to maximize standardization, design retrieval and re-use, and
procurement efficiency |
Computer - Aided Engineering (CAE) / Auxílio do computador na Engenharia (CAE)
|
Computer-Aided
Engineering (CAE) is the use of computers in design, analysis, and
manufacturing of a product, process, or project. Sometimes
refers more narrowly to the use of computers only in the analysis stage / Estes sistemas atuam na área de
cálculos de engenharia e são chamados de CAE Computer Aided Engineering, onde
são realizadas atividades do tipo análise estrutural por elementos finitos
(FEM), análise de escoamento, simulações multi-corpos, análise de tensões, etc |
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
|
Computer-Aided
Design (CAD) is the use of a computer to assist in the creation and
modification of a design, most commonly, designs with a heavy engineering
content |
Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) / Auxílio via Computador
da Preparação da Manufatura (CAM)
|
Computer-Aided
Manufacturing - the use of computers to assist in the creation or
modification of manufacturing control data, plans, or operations. Sometimes
refers more specifically to the programming of numerical controlled (NC)
machines / Computer Aided Manufacturing, Podemos definir CAM como auxílio via
computador da preparação da manufatura, representando as tecnologias usadas
no chão de fábrica, dizendo não só a respeito da automação da manufatura,
como: CNC (Comando Numérico Computadorizado), CLP (Controle Lógico
Programável), coletores de dados (DNC), como também a tomada de decisão,
plano operacional, etc |
Computer-Aided
Manufacturing/Numeric Control (CAM)
|
Termo que descreve várias ferramentas associadas ao
uso da tecnologia da informação para auxiliar o planejamento, realização ou o
controle das operações de manufatura. Algumas vezes se refere mais
especificamente à tecnologia de Controle Numérico das operações de
manufatura. |
Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP) / Planejamento
do Processo Assistido por Computador (CAPP)
|
O planejamento de processo abrange a obtenção de
todas as informações para se produzir uma peça ou montar um porduto. O CAPP
apoia estas atividades com auxílio do computador. O CAPP produz informações
padronizadas, eliminando a inconsistência de plano obtidos por processistas
diferentes. A qualidade da documentação enviada ao chão- de-fábrica eleva-se
também, garantindo o domínio do processo. Existem quatro tipos de CAPP:
planejamento variante, planejamento generativo interativo, planejamento
generativo automático e planejamento híbrido. |
Computer-Enhanced Creativity
|
Using
specially-designed computer software which aid in the process of recording,
recalling and reconstructing ideas to speed up the new product development
process |
Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
|
Filosofia que prega que a integração parte de uma
visão holística da empresa, onde todas as visões fazem parte de um todo
unificado. O que sustenta esta visão holística é a compreensão da empresa
através de seus processos de negócio nas suas diversas visões (estratégias,
atividades, informação, recursos e organização). |
Concept
|
A clear
written and possibly visual description of the new product idea which
includes its primary features and consumer benefits. Concept Generation: The
act by which new concepts, or product ideas, are generated. Sometimes
also called idea generation or ideation. |
Concept Optimization
|
A
research approach that evaluates how specific product benefits or features
contribute to a concept's overall appeal to consumers. Results are used to
select from the options investigated to construct the most appealing concept
from the consumer's perspective. |
Concept Statement
|
A verbal
or pictorial statement of a concept that is prepared for presentation to
consumers to get their reaction prior to development |
Concept Study Activity
|
The set
of product development tasks in which a concept is given enough examination
to determine if there are substantial unknowns about the market, technology
or production process. |
Concept Testing
|
The set
of product development tasks in which a concept is given enough examination
to determine if there are substantial unknowns about the market, technology
or production process. |
Concurrency
|
Carrying
out separate stages of the product development process at the same time
rather than sequentially. |
Concurrent Engineering (CE)
|
Sinonimous
of the Simultaneous Engineering, A systematic approach to the integrated,
concurrent design of products and their related processes, including
manufacture and support. This approach is intended to cause the developers,
from the outset, to consider all elements of the product life cycle from
conception through disposal, including quality, cost, schedule and user requirements
/ Sinonimo de Simultaneous Engineering |
Concurrent Engineering (CE)
|
A
systematic approach to the integrated, concurrent design of products and
their related processes, including manufacture and support. This approach is
intended to cause the developers, from the outset, to consider all elements
of the product life cycle from conception through disposal, including
quality, cost, schedule and user requirements /// Concurrent engineering is a
systematic approach for considering all aspects of a product’s life cycle
management including the integration of planning, design, production and
related phases |
Concurrent Product Development (CPD)
|
synonymous
with concurrent engineering or integrated product development |
Conjoint Analysis
|
A
methodology for exploring and describing subjective customer views of product
features. Conjoint analysis avoids direct questioning, e.g., "what do
you think of the price of our product?" Instead, the customer is asked
what they are willing to pay for a particular product feature. Thus, the real
buying situation with consideration of different cost-benefit alternatives is
simulated. The resulting analysis show directly the contribution of each
product feature to the total product utility. Conjoint analysis can be used
to determine to what extent a product's perceived utility changes if some
particular product feature is modified. |
Constraints
|
As
related to CAD, these are values in a geometric model that define
relationships between entities such as planes, surfaces, points, lines, arcs,
centers, edges, etc. Constraints are used to fully define a model and to
drive parametric or variational geometry systems. The algorithms used to work
with constraints are known as constraint management |
Consumer
|
The most
generic and all-encompassing term for a firm's targets. The term is used in
either the business-to-business or household context and may refer to the
firm's current customers, competitors' customers, or current non-purchasers
with similar needs or demographic characteristics. The term does not
differentiate between whether the person is a buyer or a user target. Only
a fraction of consumers will become customers. |
Consumer Market
|
The
purchasing of goods and services by individuals and for household use (rather
than for use in business settings). Consumer purchases are generally made by
individual decision-makers either for themselves for others in the family. |
Consumer Need
|
A
problem the consumer would like to have solved. What a consumer would like a
product to do for them. |
Consumer Panels
|
Specially-recruited
groups of consumers whose longitudinal category purchases are recorded either
by hand or via scanner technology |
Contingencies
|
See
Reserve and Contingency Planning |
Contingency Allowance
|
See Reserve |
Contingency Planning
|
The
development of a management plan that identifies alternative strategies to be
used to ensure project success if specified risk events occur. |
Contingency Reserve
|
The
amount of money or time needed above the estimate to reduce the risk of
overruns of project objectives to a level acceptable to the organization. |
Continuous Improvement -
Configuration Item (CI)
|
The
review, analysis and rework directed at improving practices and processes |
Continuous Learning Activity
|
The set
of product development tasks involving an objective examination of how a
product development project is progressing or how it was carried out to
permit process changes to simplify its remaining steps or improve the product
being developed or its schedule |
Contract
|
A
contract is a mutually binding agreement that obligates the seller to provide
the of three broad categories: fixed-price or lump-sum contracts,
cost-reimbursable contracts, time and material contracts |
Contract Administration
|
Managing
the relationship with the seller |
Contract Closeout
|
Completion
and settlement of the contrct, including resolution of any open items. |
Contract Developer
|
An
external provider of product development services |
Control
|
The
process of comparing actual performance with planned performance, analyzing
variances, evaluating possible alternatives, and taking appropriate
corrective action as needed. |
Control Account Plan (CAP)
|
Previously
called a Cost Account Plan. The CAP is a management control point where the
integration of scope and budget and schedule takes place, and where the
masurement of performance will happen. CAPs are placed at selected management
points of the Work Breakdown Structure. |
Control Chart
|
A
graphical display of results of a process over time. They are used to
determine if a process is in statistical control or in need of adjustment. |
Controlled Store Testing
|
A method
of test marketing where specialized companies are employed to handle product
distribution and auditing rather than a company's normal sales force. |
Contructive Solids Geometry (CSG)
|
a solid
modeling method using primitives to build more complex models and Boolean
operations of add, difference, and intersection. |
Convergent Thinking
|
A
technique generally performed in the initial phase of ideas generation to
help funnel the high volume of ideas created through divergent thinking into
a small group or single idea on which more effort will be focused. |
Coordination Matrix
|
A
summary chart that identifies the key stages of a development project, their
goals, and key activities within each stage |
Core Benefit Proposition (CBP)
|
The
central benefit or purpose for which a consumer buys a product. The CBP may
come either from the physical good or service performance, or it may come
from the augmented dimensions of the product. |
Core Competence / Competência Essencial
|
Competência é quando uma pessoa apresenta bons
resultados na sua atuação profissional, na aplicação de seus conhecimentos
e/ou habilidades. Competência essencial é o conjunto de competência que uma
empresa possui, ou seja, seu pessoal |
Corporative Universit / Universidade Corporativa
|
Universidade Corporativa: Universidade corporativa é
o meio através do qual se consegue o desenvolvimento e a instalação das
competências profissionais, técnicas e gerenciais consideradas essenciais
para a viabilização das estratégias de negócio de uma organização. Deste
modo, engloba cursos, técnicas de aprendizagem e gerenciamento de
conhecimento, além da política para o ambiente ideal para a realização destas
ações. |
Corretive Action
|
Changes
made to bring expected future performance of the project in line with the
plan |
Cos-Plus-Incentive-Free
Contract (CPIF)
|
A type
of contract where the buyer reimburses the lesser for the sellers allowable
cost (allowable costs are defined by the contract), and the seller earns its
profit it meets defined performance criteira. |
Cost
|
O aspecto do custo é fundamental para o processo de
desenvolvimento de produto.Um conceito importante é o de Target Cost,
definido desde o início do projeto pela diferença entre o preço de venda do
produto esperado e a margem de lucro esperada. |
Cost as an Independent
Variable (CAIV)
|
Cost as
an Independent Variable (DoD initiative) - an acquisition strategy of
obtaining the best available product/system within the constraints of
available resources. Cost performance & schedule trades are made to
achieve this balance with budget |
Cost Budgeting
|
Allocting
the cost estimates to individual work activities |
Cost Contol
|
Controlling
changes to the project budget |
Cost Estimating
|
Developing
an approximation (estimate) of the cost of the resources needed to complete
project activities |
Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)
|
The
direct costs associated with producing a product |
Cost of Quality (COQ)
|
The cost
incurred to ensure quality. The cost of quality includes quality planning,
quality control, quality assurance, and rework. |
Cost Performance Index (CPI)
|
The cost
efficiency ratio of earned value to actual costs. CPI is often used to
predict the magnitude of a possible cost overrun using the following formula:
BAC/CPI = projected cost at completion. CPI = EV divided by AC |
Cost Variance (CV)
|
1) Any
difference between the budgeted cost of an activity and the actual cost of
that activity. 2) In earned value, EV less ACWP = CV. |
Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee Contract
(CPFF)
|
A type
of contract where the buyer reimburses the seller for the sellers allowable
costs (allowable costs are defined by the contract) plus a fixed amount of
profit (free). |
Crashing
|
Taking
action to decrease the total project duration after analyzing a number of
alternatives to determine how to get the maximum duration compression for the
least cost. |
Crashing
|
Taking
action to decrease the total project duration by analyzing a number of
alternatives to determine how to get the maximum duration compression for the
least cost |
Criteria
|
Statements
of standards used by gate-keepers at each gate and related to all
organizational functions. The criteria necessary to achieve or surpass for
product development projects to continue in development. In the aggregate,
these criteria reflect a business unit's new product strategy |
Critical Activity
|
Any
activity on a critical path. Most commonly determined by using the critical
path method. Although some
activities are "critical", in the dictionary sense, without being
on the critical path, this meaning is seldom used in the project context. |
Critical Characteristics
|
The
characteristics or specifications for a material, part, assembly or product
that define those attributes that are essential to the proper fit or
functioning of the item to satisfy the intended customer use or need |
Critical Parameter Design
|
É uma metodologia (um processo) para definição e
otimização dos parâmetros críticos de projeto empregando Planejamento de
Experimentos (DOE) e metodologia Taguchi. (Veja CLAUSING 1994). |
Critical Path
|
In a
project network diagram, the critical path is the one with the longest
duration. The critical path may change from time to time as activities are
completed ahead of or behind schedule. (see CPM) |
Critical Path Method (CPM)
|
A method
for determining the minimum project duration by identifying the critical path
based on task interrelationships and duration. It assumes there is no wasted
time for the activities that are on the critical path. |
Critical Path Scheduling
|
A
project management technique, frequently incorporated into various software
programs, which puts all important steps of a given new product project into a sequential
network based on task interdependencies. |
Critical-to-Function
(CTF)
|
A subset
of drawing/model parameters that are critical to function and have tolerances
and/or datums different from the standard tolerances or datum. As a result,
these parameters will usually have tolerances and datums specifically defined
on a drawing or in a model. In the absence of dimensional drawings, CTF
dimensions are a means of communicating dimensions critical to success of the
design, tolerance and other non-geometrical information. This approach is
generally simpler than a complete fabrication drawing because of fewer
dimensions |
Cronograma
|
documento ou conjunto de documentos que descreve a
programação de atividades do projeto, incluindo o relacionamento dos recursos
necessários em cada atividade |
Cross Sections
|
An
explanation of a part that is referenced by slicing through the area that
needs to be explained. |
Cross-Functional Team
(CFT)
|
Cross-Functional
Team - a team consisting of representatives from marketing, engineering,
manufacturing, finance. purchasing, test, quality, finance and any other
required disciplines with responsibility for developing a product or product
subsystem. This team is empowered to represent the functional discipl;ines
and develop a product by addressing its life cycle requirements including its
product and support |
Crossing the Chasm
|
Making
the transition to a mainstream market from an early market dominated by a few
visionary customers. Customer: One who purchases or uses your firm's products
or services |
CSM
|
Component
Supplier Management - a class of systems that maintains information about
standard components, both purchased and made, to support various functional
disciplines such as design, procurement, materials, configuration management,
and manufacturing. This system serves as a central repository for component
and supplier information to maximize standardization, design retrieval and
re-use, and procurement efficiency. |
Cumulative Tolerance
|
Progressive
accumulation of tolerances resulting from multiple operations or assembly of
multiple parts |
Current Finish Date
|
The
current estimate of the point in time when an activity will be completed. |
Current Start Date
|
The
current estimate of the point in time when an activity will begin. |
Customer Need
|
A
fundamental need to be satisfied independent of a particular technology or
product solution (e.g., . access the internet. ) |
Customer Relationship Management (CRM )
|
Filosofia e práticas de relacionamento
individualizado com os clientes (marketing 1 to 1). |
Customer Value Added Ratio
|
The
ratio of WWPF (worth what paid for) for your products to WWPF for your
competitors' products. A ratio above 100% indicates superior value compared
to your competitors |
Customer-based Success
|
The
extent to which a new product is accepted by customers and the trade |
Custos de Transação
|
São os custos incorridos desde a iniciação,
negociação, acordo, adaptação e controle da troca de serviço ou produto. |
D |
|
Dados
Publicados
|
trata-se de dados para pesquisa de mercado obtidos
publicados por empresas de comunicação, organizações governamentais e
classistas. Por exemplo: relatórios setoriais de veículos de imprenssa
especializados em negócios, associações comerciais, associações industriais
como ANFAVEA / SINDIPEÇAS. São um tipo de dado secundário. |
Dados de Agências de Serviços de Informação
|
São os dados específicospara pesquisa de mercado
desenvolvidos por empresas especializadas em pesquisa de mercado. Por
exemplo: painéis de consumidores, medição de audiências em rádio e TV. São um
tipo de dado secundário. |
Dados de Pesquisa Experimental
|
são um tipo de dado primário para pesquisa de mercado
obtido por meio de um experimento sob condições controladas. Em
desenvolvimento de produto são utilizados, por exemplo, para identificar capacidade
de diferenciação de sabores, preferência de embalagens e outros. |
Dados de Pesquisa Qualitativa
|
são um tipo de dado primário para pesquisa de mercado
obtido de métodos de pesquisa qualitativa. Estes métodos são: Entrevistas
individuais, Clínicas (Grupos Focais) e Observação Direta. Dados de Pesquisa
por |
Dados de Sistemas de Informação
|
trata-se de dados para pesquisa de mercado obtidos de
sistemas de informação que suportam as atividades da empresa. Por exemplo:
compilações de resultados de assistência técnica, receitas de vendas,
consultas e reclamações nas centrais de atendimento ao consumidor etc. São um
tipo de dado secundário. |
Dados Primários
|
são os dados e informações coletados especialmente
para o projeto de pesquisa |
Dados Secundários
|
são aqueles os dados de fontes externas, isto é,
coletados para outros fins e meios não são específicos para a pesquisa que se
deseja conduzir. |
Data
|
Measurements
taken at the source of a business process |
Data Base (DB) / Banco de dados (BD)
|
DB An electronic gathering of information organized
in some way to make it easy to search, uncover and manipulate / Um conjunto
de informações relacionadas entre si, referentes a um mesmo assunto e
organizadas de maneira útil, com o propósito de servir de base para que o
usuário recupere informações. |
Data Date (DD)
|
The date
at which, or up to which, the projects reporting system has provided actual
status and accomplishments. Also called as-of date. |
Data Dictionary
|
Data
Dictionary - a definition of data elements for uses such as information
engineering or quality function deployment. |
Data Exchange Format
(DXF)
|
- format
for CAD drawings often used to transfer CAD data from one system or program
to another. |
Data Mining /
análise de dados
|
consiste de uma nova tecnologia de análise de dados
que utiliza algoritmos capazes de extrair conhecimento a partir de grandes
massas de dados |
Data Warehouse
|
Coleção de dados orientada a fatos, multidimensional,
integrada e não volátil que armazena uma “cópia” otimizada dos dados
operacionais para serem consultados e analisados. |
Data Warehousing
|
um ambiente estruturado, extensível, projetado para a
análise de dados não voláteis, lógica e fisicamente transformados,
provenientes de diversas aplicações, alinhados com a estrutura da empresa,
atualizados e mantidos por um longo período de tempo, referidos em termos
utilizados no negócio e sumarizados para análise rápida |
Datum
|
Theoretically
exact planes, lines or points from which other features are located on design
drawings. |
Dead on Arrival (DOA)
|
.
Products that don. t operate when received and first used by a customer. |
Decision Tree Analysis
|
The
decision tree is a diagram that describes a decision under consideration and
the implications of choosing one or another of the avaliable alternatives. It
incorporates probabilities or risks and the costs or rewards of each logical
path of events and future decisions. |
Declaração de Escopo de Revisão do Planejamento Estratégico
de Negócios
|
documento que descreve qual o nível de detalhamento e resultados que se espera da revisão
ou desenvolvimento do Planejamento Estratégico do Negócio. Ele contém
objetivos, equipe responsável, recursos necessários, produtos e resultados
importantes. A missão principal deste documento é deixar em comum acordo o
nível de detalhamento das atividades de planejamento. Pode envolver desde uma
simples revisão do Planejamento Estratégico anterior até a completa
reformulação, isto é, o desenvolvimento de um novo Plano Estratégico de
Negócios. |
Decline Stage
|
The fourth
and last stage of the product life cycle. Entry into this stage is generally
caused by technology advancements, consumer or user preference changes,
global competitive on environmental or regulatory changes. |
Deep Sub-Micron design (DSM)
|
relates
to the design of integrated circuits with feature sizes less than .5um. |
Definitive Estimate
|
See estimate |
Deliverable
|
Any
measurable, tangible, verifiable outcome, result, or item that must be
produced to complete a project or part of a project. Often used more narrowly
in reference to an external deliverable, which is a deliverable that is
subject to approval by the project sponsor or customer. |
Delphi Processes
|
A
technique which uses iterative rounds of consensus development across a group
of experts to arrive at the most probable outcome for some future state |
Dependency
|
See Logical Relationship |
Derivative Product
|
A new
product based on changes to an existing product that modifies, refines or
improves some product features without affecting the basic product
architecture or platform. |
Descrição do Portfolio de Produtos
|
documento ou conjunto de documentos que descreve cada
um dos produtos que a empresa possui e todos os que planeja lançar. Além
disso, para cada produto há uma descrição do seu mercado alvo e suas
características básicas e as previsões de entrada e saída do mercado. Para os
produtos ainda não desenvolvidos deve constar a data de início do seu projeto de
desenvolvimento. |
Design
|
É uma ferramenta de auxílio à confecção de desenhos
de engenharia. Sua maior contribuição ocorre no modelamento dos produtos e
componentes, e no detalhamento de seus desenhos. |
Design Build Team
(DBT)
|
Design
Build Team - term used by Boeing & others synonymous with integrated
product team |
Design for Assembling (DFA)
|
DFA tem por objetivo tornar a montagem do produto o
menos custosa e mais otimizada possível. Visa simplificar a montagem de
produtos. |
Design for Excellence
(DFX)
|
Design
for Excellence - designing to consider all relevant life cycle factors such
as manufacturability, reliability, maintainability, testability,
affordability, etc. |
Design for Manufacturability (DFM) / Projeto para
Manufatura
|
DFM traduz a busca durante o projeto, em tornar mais
fácil a manufatura dos componentes que formarão o produto depois de montado.
Visa aperfeiçoar a fabricação de componentes. |
Design for the Environment
(DFE)
|
Conjunto de técnicas e métodos a ser utilizados ao
longo do projeto visando a redução do impacto ambiental do produto final,
tanto em seu uso como no descarte, após a vida útil. |
Design Methodology
|
Design
methodology is a collection of procedures, tools and techniques to use when
designing (Goals and priorities for research in engineering design, ASME,
1986) Design methodology is a concrete course of action for the design of
technical systems that derives its knowledge from design science and
cognitive psychology, and from practical experience in different domains. It
includes: plans of action to link working steps and design phases according
to content and organization |
Design of Experiments (DOE)
|
A
statistical methodolgy for designing, conducting and analyzing experiments or
tests to evaluate product and process design parameters or factors that
affect the achievement of a product performance characteristic. These
experiments lead to setting parameter or factor levels (values) that can
optimize the product performance characteristic under study and minimize the
affects of variation. / Projeto de experimento é um corpo de conhecimento e
ferramentas usadas para reduzir o tempo efetivo de um experimento. É
usado para desenvolver procedimentos para manipular,
sistematicamente,produtos e processos ou fatores relacionados com o ambiente
que afeta a pesquisa no sentido de avaliar e medir seus impactos em relação a
uma performance estabelecida. Ou ainda, é uma metodologia estatística para
projetar, conduzir e analisar experiências ou testes para avaliar o produto e
os parâmetros ou os fatores do projeto do processo que afetam a realização de
uma característica de desempenho do produto. |
Design of Manufacturability /
Assembly (DFMA)
|
DFMA é uma filosofia que se utiliza de diversos
conceitos, técnicas, ferramentas e métodos para aperfeiçoar a fabricação de
componentes ou simplificar a montagem de produtos, utilizando para tal desde
a análise de valores de tolerâncias, a complexidade do produto, número mínimo
de componentes necessários, layout do produto dentre outros. O DFMA pode ser
utilizado na análise de produtos em manufatura. Neste caso o produto é
desmontado e montado novamente dando ênfase a tempos e custos de manuseio
(alimentação e orientação) e junção (inserção) de componentes |
Design Validation
|
Testing
to assure that the product conforms to defined user needs and requirements. |
Design Verification
|
Testing
to assure that the design outputs meet design input requirements. Design
verification may include activities such as: design reviews, performing
alternate calculations, understanding tests and demonstrations, and review of
design documents before release. |
Design-to-Cost
|
A
development methodology that treats cost as an independent design parameter.
A realistic cost objective is established based on customer affordability,
cost models are used to project the cost early in the development cycle, and
a variety of techniques such as value analysis and DFM are used to
proactively achieve the cost objective. |
Design-to-Cost
|
A
development methodology that treats cost as an independent design parameter.
A realistic cost objective is established based on customer affordability,
cost models are used to project the cost early in the development cycle, and
a variety of techniques |
Desktop Learning
|
Tecnologia de auxílio computacional ao aprendizado em
que o usuário se utiliza de sua máquina no próprio local de trabalho para acesso
aos sistemas tutores virtuais |
Development Change Order (DCO)
|
A
document used to implement changes during product development. It spells out
the desired change, the reason for the change and the consequences to time to
market, development cost and to the cost of producing the final product |
Diagnosibility
|
The
characteristics of a product that allow any faults (or potential faults) in
the operation of the product to be identified. |
Digital Pre-Assembly
(DPA)
|
a term
for electronic mock-up performed with CAD solids modeling. |
Dimensional Measurement
Interface Specification (DMIS)
|
(ANSI standard) |
Direcionamento Estratégico
|
este termo indica o resultado da decisão sobre a
estratégica genérica adotada pela empresa. Esta estratégia representa a
diretriz básica que guiará as ações e metas a serem definidas no planejamento
estratégico. No modelo são mencionados três tipos básicos de estratégia:
Liderança total em custos, Diferenciação e Foco. Estes três tipos básicos
podem ser combinados em estratégias genéricas compostas (Porter). Com relação
a produtos são consideradas as seguintes estratégias compostas: Proliferação
de Produtos, Valor, Design, Inovação, Atendimento e Velocidade (ver
Breakthrough Products / Produtos Irresistíveis). PORTER (1992) e (serviços revolucionários) |
Diretriz de direcionamento estratégico
|
trata-se do consenso sobre o direcionamento
estratégico a ser adotado. Pode ou não ser um documento formal. Esta diretriz
irá influenciar o grupo na definição das ações necessárias para o desenvolvimento
do plano. |
Discounted Cash Flow
(DCF)
|
Discounted
Cash Flow - an analysis technique that determines the present value of a
series of positive and negative cash flows using a specified discount factor
representing the cost of capital. This can be used to compare investment
alternatives such a new product development alternatives. |
Discounted Cash Flow Analysis
|
One
method for providing an estimate of the current value of future incomes and
expenses projected for a project. |
Discrete Choice Experiment
|
A
quantitative market research tool used to model and predict customer buying
decisions. |
Distribution
|
The
method and partners used to get the product (or service) from where it is
produced to where the end user can buy it. |
Divergent Thinking
|
Technique
performed early in the initial phase of idea generation which expands
thinking processes to record and recall a high volume of new or interesting
ideas |
Documento padrão
|
consulte Modelo de Documento |
Draft International Standards (DIS)
|
(International Standards Organization) |
DRM Associates
|
DRM
Associates is a management consulting and education firm specializing in new
product development (NPD) and the application of best practices to the
development of complex products in industries such as aerospace, automotive,
capital equipment, consumer products, defense, high technology, medical
equipment and other industries. |
Dummy Activity
|
An
activity of zero duration used to show a logical relationship in the arrow
diagramming method. Dummy activities are used when logical relationships
cannot be completely or correctly described with regular activity arrows.
Dummies are shown graphicallyas dashed line headed by an arrow |
Durability
|
The
probability that an item will continue to function at customer expectation
levels at the useful life without requiring overhaul or rebuild due to
wear-out |
Duration (DU)
|
The
number of work periods (not including holidays or other nonworking periods)
required to complete an activity or other project element. Usually expressed
as workdays or workweeks. Sometimes incorrecty equated with elapsed time. See
also effort. |
Duration Compression
|
Shortening
the project schedule without reducing the project scope. Duration compression
is not alwaus possible and often requires an increase in project cost. |
E |
|
Early Adopters
|
For new
products, these are customers who, relying on their own intuition and vision,
buy into new product concepts very early in the life cycle. For new
processes, these are organizational entities wich were willing to try out new
processes rather than just maintaining the old. |
Early Finish Date (EF)
|
In the
critical path method, the earliest possible point in time on which the
uncompletede portions of an activity (or the project) can finish, based on
the network logic and any schedule constraints. Early finish dates can change
as the project progresses and changes are made to the project plan. |
Early Start Date (ES)
|
In the
critical path method, the earliest possible point in time on which the
uncompleted portinos of an activity (or the project) can start, based on the
network logic and any schedule constraints. Early start dates can change as
the project progresses and changes are made to the project plan. |
Early Supplier Involvement (ESI)
|
Conceito que agrupa ações diversas (motivacionais, de
infraestrutura, etc) visando participação ativa, desde as etapas iniciais do
desenvolvimento, dos futuros fornecedores de partes do produto. |
Earned Value (EV)
|
The
physical work accomplished plus the authorzed budget for this work. The sum
of the approved cost estimates (may inclut~de overhead allocation) for
activities (or portions of activities) completed during a given period
(usually project-to-date). Previously called the budgeted cost of work
performed (BCWP) for an activity or group of activities. |
Earned Value Management (EVM)
|
A method
for integrating scope, schedule, and resources, and for measuring project
performance. It compares the amount of work that was planned with what was
actually earned with what was actually spent to determine if cost and
schedule performance are as planned. |
E-Business / Comércio Eletrônico
|
Ferramentas, métodos, conceitos e definições sobre o
comércio-eletrônico, isto é, aquele realizado com o auxílio de meios
eletrônicos( Ex: WEB). |
Economic Value Added
(EVA)
|
The
value added to or subtracted from shareholder value during the life of a
project. |
Educação à Distância
|
Processo de prover instrução quando estudantes e
instrutores estão separados pela distância física e com emprego de
tecnologias de comunicação, para evitar as barreiras de distância |
Education / Educação
|
Educação pode ser entendida como um processo de
formação do indivíduo, que passa por captura de conhecimento e aprendizagem,
normalmente em contextos claramente definidos, com objetivo de preparar o
indivíduo a intervir nos sistemas que compõem esse contexto. |
Effort
|
The
number of labor units required to complete an activity or othe project
element. Usually expressed as staff hours, staff days, or staff weeks. Should
not be confused with duration. |
Electronic Data Interchange (ANSI-X.12) (EDI)
|
is the
exchange, between organizational entities, of computer processable data in a
standard format. The 841 transaction is used to transfer technical
data. |
Electronic Data Interchange
for Administration, Commerce & Transport (EDIFACT)
|
is the
international version of EDI. |
Electronic Design Automation (EDA)
|
Hardware
and software tools to aid in the design and development of electronic products
through design capture, simulation, synthesis, verification, analysis, and
testing. |
Electronic Design Interchange
Format (EDIF)
|
An
EIA/ANSI standard which defines the file format for communicating
two-dimensional graphics and interconnection information that is used to
describe the patterns for fabricating and manufacturing semiconductors and
PCB/PWB's. The current version is 4.0. |
Electronic Document
Management, Engineering Data Management, Engineering Document Management,
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)
|
São todos aqueles sistemas focados no gerenciamento
de documentos podendo ou não estar relacionados à engenharia |
Electronic Manufacturing Services (EMS)
|
third
party companies that provide outsourced manufacturing of printed circuit
boards or electronic assemblies |
Electronic Systems Design
Automation (ESDA)
|
graphical
front-end tools that allow designers to use pictures rather than words to
describe and analyze their creations. These tools can use HDL's as an
interchange format rather than a design medium and allow for higher degrees
of abstraction over traditional schematic capture or waveform display
programs |
Element
|
One of
the parts, substances, or principles that make up a compound or complex
whole. |
Eletronic Document Management (EDM) / GED (Gerenciamento
Eletrônico de Dados)
|
Em desenvolvimento de produto, a educação está
relacionada com o conjunto de atividades relacionadas a ensino e treinamento
dos profissionais da área. Como a abrangência do processo de desenvolvimento
de produto é grande, o foco das atividades e programas de educação deve ser
na integração das diferentes disciplinas envolvidas (desde marketing e
estratégia tecnológica e de mercado até engenharia de produto e de processo),
visando a preparação de indivíduos em habilidades gerenciais e técnicas. |
Engineering Chance Management (ECM) / Gerenciamento de
Modificações de Engenharia
|
Gerenciamento de modificações de engenharia é o
processo que estabelece como as modificações de engenharia são encaminhadas,
autorizadas, solucionadas, avaliadas, aprovadas e liberadas para serem
introduzidas na produção (seja de protótipos como de série). |
Engineering Change Management
|
Obs.: Em 2002, o número 1 do volume 19 o The Journal
of Product Innnovation Management traz um conjunto de artigos somente sobre
esse tema. |
Engineering Design
|
A
function in the product creation process where a good is configured and
specific form is decided. |
Engineering Model
|
The
combination of hardware and software intended to demonstrate the simulated
functioning of the intended product as currently designed |
Enhanced Product
|
A form
of derivative product. Enhanced products include additional features not
previously found on the base platform which provide increased value to
consumers |
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
|
Trata-se de uma classe de soluções computacionais que
permitem gerenciar, de maneira integrada, todos os recursos de uma empresa,
abrangendo desde o planejamento e controle da produção, das vendas e
comercialização, o recursos financeiros, os recursos humanos e competências,
entre outros. São uma evolução dos pioneiros MRP e MRPII, ou Material
Requirement Planning e Material Resource Planning, ou seja, sistemas que
gerenciavam as necessidades de materias e os recursos de materiais e financeiros. |
Entrance Requirement
|
The
document(s) and reviews required before any phase of the development process
can be started. |
Estimate
|
An
assessment of the likely quantitative result. Usually applied to project
costs and durations and should always include some indication of accuracy
(e.g., ± x per cent). Usually used with a modifier (e.g., preliminary,
conceptual, feasibility). Some application areas have specific modifiers that
imply particular accuracy ranges (e.g., order-of-magnitude estimate, budget
estimate, and definitive estimate in engineering and construction projects) |
Estimate at Completion (EAC)
|
The
expected total cost of an activity, a group of activities, or the project
when the defined scope of work has been completed. Most techniques for forecasting
EAC include some adjustement of the original cost estimate, based on actual
project performance to date. |
Estimate to Complete (ETC)
|
The
expected additional cost needed to complete and activity, a group of
activities, or the project. Most techniques for forecasting ETC include some
adjustment to the original estimate, based on project perfomance to date.
Also called "estimated to complete". See also earned value and
estimate at completion. |
Estratégia competitiva
|
busca de uma posição competitiva favorável em um
setor. Porter, 1992 |
Event
|
Marks
the point in time when a task is completed |
Event Map
|
A chart
showing important events in the future which is used to map out potential
responses to probable or certain future events |
Event-on-Node
|
A
network diagramming technique in which events are represented by boxes (or
nodes) connected by arrows to show the sequence in which the events are to
occur. Used in the original program evaluation and review
technique. |
Exception Report
|
Document
that includes only major variations from plan (rather than all variations. |
Exit Requirement
|
The
document(s) and reviews required to complete a stage of the development
process |
EXPRESS
|
Data
modeling language to support STEP. |
Extended Enterprise
|
As redes de cooperação de empresa recebem hoje várias
denominações e dependento do autor essas definições mudam. Alguns autores
consideram a empresa estendida como sinônimo de cadeia de suprimentos,
outros, consideram que uma empresa estendida é mais ampla que uma cadeia de
suprimentos, englobando parceiros no desenvolvimento de produtos,
principalmente parceiros de tecnologia, que não necessariamente serão
parceiros na fase de produção |
Extensible Markup Language (XML) / Linguagem extensível e
personalisável
|
Linguagem extensível e personalisável, que permite a
descrição de informação de conteúdo separada das informações de layout de uma
página. |
Extensible Style Language (XSL)
|
Provê informações de apresentação (layout) de páginas
para a Web. É usado juntamente com XML para especificação de páginas www. |
Extranet / Extranet
|
An
internet-based network that provides controlled access to outside
parties. Also see Intranet. |
Extrusion
|
A
manufacturing process that utilizes a softened billet of material which is
forced through a shape (or die) to allow for a continuous form much like
spaghetti |
F |
|
Factory Cost / Custo de Fábrica
|
The cost
of producing the product in the production location including materials,
labor and overhead |
Failure in Time
(FIT)
|
a
reliability measure usually expressed in failures per 10 to the 9th power
hours |
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) / Análise do Tipo e Efeito de
Falha (FMEA)
|
Failure
Modes and Effects Analysis - a procedure in which each potential failure mode
in every sub-item of an item is analyzed to determine its effect on other
sub-items and on the required function of the item. It
is used to identify potential failure modes and their associated
causes/mechanisms, consider risks of these failure modes, and identify
mitigating actions to reduce the probability or impact of the failure. /
Segundo a NBR 5462 (1994) FMEA é um método qualitativo de análise de
confiabilidade que envolve o estudo dos modos de falhas que podem existir
para cada item, e a determinação dos efeitos de cada modo de falha sobre os
outros itens e sobre a função específica do conjunto. |
Failure Modes, Effects and
Criticality Analysis (FMECA)
|
a procedure that is performed after a failure mode
and effects analysis to classify each potential failure effect according to
its severity and probability of occurrence / Para a Military Standard
(MIL-STD 1629A) (1980), identifica como sendo um procedimento pelo qual cada
modo de falha potencial em um sistema é analisado para determinar os
resultados ou efeitos no sistema e para classificar cada modo de falha
potencial de acordo com a sua severidade. |
Failure Rate
|
The
percentage of a firm's new products which make it to full market
commercialization, but which fail to achieve the objectives set for them |
Fast Tracking
|
Compressing
the project schedule by overlapping activities that would normally be done in
sequence, such as design and construction. |
Fault Detection and
Localization (FDL)
|
proposed IEEE standard |
Fault Tree Analysis
(FTA)
|
a top-down, hierarchical analysis of faults to
identify the various fault mechanisms and their cause. / FTA é um método de
análise de falhas do tipo Top-down, cuja análise inicia com um evento
indesejável, como uma falha ou mal função, chamado evento de topo, a partir
do qual deve ser determinado todas as maneiras de ocorrência deste evento de
topo. Em outras palavras, após a identificação do evento de topo é feita a
determinação de como os eventos de níveis inferiores, individuais ou
combinados, causaram a falha do sistema. É uma importante técnica de análise
de projeto de confiabilidade/ segurança que parte da consideração dos efeitos
de falha sobre o sistema, “evento de topo” para chegar na causa que gue gerou
o efeito. |
Feasibility Activity
|
The set of
product development tasks in which major unknowns are examined to produce
knowledge about how to resolve or overcome them or to clarify the nature of
any limitations. Sometimes called exploratory investigation |
Feature
|
Features
are elements of the product that provide a distinctive benefit to the
customer and are often highlighted in describing the benefits of the product
to the customer. Features are geometric entities that have meaning in the
definition and manufacture of a product. Examples of features are
through-holes, bosses, bends, chamfers, slots, etc. |
Features Technology
(FT)
|
a
variation of group technology with a focus on coding and classifying based on
part features. |
Ferramentas de Automação de Escritório
|
São aquelas ferramentas de uso diário de todos os
usuários de escritório, normalmente componentes de suítes como MS-Office,
contendo, editor de textos, planilhas eletrônicas e editor de figuras /
apresentações |
Field Programmable Gate
Array (FPGA)
|
a high
density programmable logic device |
Field Replaceable Unit (FRU)
|
A
collection of hardware or software that is installed or removed from a
product as a single serviceable entity. The composition of product FRU's is
determined by the integrated product team |
Field Testing
|
Product
use testing with users from the target market |
Fillet
|
A
manufacturing feature that blends two surfaces together. |
Financial Success
|
The
extent to which a new product meets its profit, margin, and return on
investment goals |
Fine Pitch Technology
(FPT)
|
related to surface mount |
Finish Date
|
A point
in time associated with an activitys completion. Usually qualified by one of
the following: actual, planned, estimated, scheduled, early, late, baseline,
target, or current. |
Finish -to-Star (FS)
|
See Logical relationship |
Finish-to-Finish (FF)
|
See Logical relationship |
Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
|
A
computer-based method that breaks geometry into elements and links a series
of equations to each, which are then solved simultaneously to evaluate the
behavior of the entire system. Most often used for structural analysis, but
widely applicable for other types of analysis and simulation, including
thermal, fluid, and electromagnetic |
Finite Element Model
(FEM)
|
The
process of setting up a model to be analyzed with the finite-element method,
typically done grapahically with geometry. |
Firm Fixed-Price Contract
(FFP)
|
A type
of contract where the buyer pays the seller a set amount (as defined by the
contract), regardless of the sellers costs. |
Firm-level Success
|
The
aggregate impact of the firm's proficiency at developing and commercializing
new products. Several different specific measures may be used to estimate
performance |
First-to-Market
|
The
first product that creates a new product category or a substantial
subdivision of a category |
Fixed-Price Contract
|
See Firm
Fixed-Price contract |
Fixed-Price-Incentive-Fee
Contract (FPIF)
|
A type
of contract where the buyer pays the seller a set amount (as defined by the
contract), and the seller can earn an additional amount if it meets defined
performance criteria. |
Fixture
|
Tooling
designed to locate and hold components in position |
Flexible Gate
|
A
permissive or permeable gate in a stage-gate process that is less rigid than
the traditional "go-stop-recycle" gate. Flexible gates are useful
in shortening time-to-market. A permissive gate is one where the next stage
is authorized although some work in the almost-completed stage has not yet
been finished. A permeable gate is one where some work in a subsequent stage
is authorized before a substantial amount of work in the prior stage is
completed |
Flip Chip
|
Process
for mounting an IC chip with metalization down and with no bonding wires |
Float
|
The
amount of time that an activity may be delayed from its early start without
delaying the project finish date. Float is a mathematical calculation, and
can change as the project progresses and changes are made to the project
plan. Also called slack, total float, and path float. See also free float. |
Focus Groups
|
A
qualitative market research technique where 8 to 12 market participants are
gathered in one room for a discussion under the leadership of a trained
moderator. Discussion focuses on a consumer problem, product or potential
solution to a problem. The results of these discussions are not projectable
to the general market |
Forecast Final Cost
|
See estimate at completion. |
Formal Verification
|
The
application of rigorous mathematical techniques to prove the functional
equivalence of a hardware design with its original specification. Because
timing is not included in formal verification, it is used only to verify a
design's functional behavior. It is a collective term used for a number of
different tools and methodologies |
Fornecedor
|
empresas que provêem peças ou serviços necessáiros
para a fabricação ou desenvolvimento do produto. Os fornecedores são
classificados em: Parceiros Estratégicos, Parceiros de Design e Fornecedores
de Commodities. |
Forward Pass
|
The
calculation of the early start and early finish dates for the uncompleted
portions of all network activities. See also network analysis
and backward pass. |
Fragnet
|
See subnet |
Framework
|
A
software infrastructure that provides a common environment for communication
and integration of design tools in a design process |
Free Float (FF)
|
The
amount of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the early
start of any immediately following activities. See also float. |
Full Scan
|
A design
for testability methodology that provides complete access to an integrated
circuit. EDA tools can insert scan registers automatically during logic
synthesis. |
Function
|
An
abstracted description of work that the product must perform to meet customer
needs (sometimes stated in a noun-verb format, e.g., "transmit
data") |
Function Analysis System Technique (FAST)
|
Function
Analysis System Technique is a value analysis or function analysis technique
to describe a system or product as a series of logically related functions
and associate those functions to costs. This technique identifies less
importnat functions that may then be eliminated, thereby reducing costs |
Functional Elements
|
The
individual operations that a product performs. These elements are often used
to describe a product schematically |
Functional Organization
|
An
organization structure in which staff are grouped hierarchically by specialty
(e.g., production, marketing, engineering, and accounting at the top level;
with engineering, further divided into mechanical, electrical, and others). |
Functional Pipeline Management
|
Optimizing
the flow of projects through all functional areas in the context of the
company's priorities |
Functional Schematic
|
A
schematic drawing that is made up of all of the functional elements in a
product. It shows the product's functions as well as how material, energy and
signal flows through the product |
Functional Testing
|
Testing
either an element of or the complete product to determine whether it will
function as planned and as actually used when sold |
Fuzzy Front End
|
The is
the process for determining customer needs or market opportunities,
generating ideas for new products, conducting necessary research on the
needs, developing product concepts, and evaluating product concepts up to the
point that a decision is made to proceed with development. This process is
described as the fuzzy front end because it is the least defined and most
unstructured part of product development. |
G |
|
Gantt Chart
|
A
horizontal bar chart used in project scheduling that shows the start date,
end date and duration of tasks within the project. Sometimes
used in conjunction with a network diagram |
Gap Analysis
|
The
difference between projected outcomes and desired outcomes. In product
development, the gap is frequently measured as the difference between
expected and desired revenues or profits from currently-planned new products
if the corporation is to meet its objectives |
Garage Bill Scheduling:
|
A
scheduling tool that details every task, no matter how small, that must be
completed to achieve a deliverable |
Gate
|
The
decision point, often a meeting, at which a management decision is made to
allow the product development project to proceed to the next stage, to recycle back into the current
stage to better complete some of the tasks, or to terminate. The
number of gates varies by company |
Gatekeepers
|
The
group of managers who serve as advisors, decision-makers and resource
allocators in a stage-gate process. They use established criteria to review
product development projects at each gate. This multifunctional group is
generally most visible at these gate meetings. |
GenCAM
|
A
product data exchange format standard for electronics manufacturing that
characterizes, sorts and organizes data into intelligent schemes. This
standard is represented in IPC-2511, Generic Requirements for Implementation
of Product Manufacturing Description Data and Transfer Methodology. |
General Availability (GA)
|
The
point in the product life cycle when production has been ramped-up to
sufficient volumes and when product issues have been resolved so that the
product is made available to all interested customers. |
Geometric and Dimensioning
Tolerancing (G&DT)
|
ANSI-Y14.5
standard for showing the dimensioning and tolerancing on a drawing
considering the functions or relationships of part features. |
Geometric and Dimensioning
Tolerancing (G&DT)
|
Trata das normas, padrões e técnicas para o
dimensionamento das tolerâncias geométricas e dimensionais em peças a serem
manufaturadas. |
Grade
|
A
category or rank used to distinguish items that have the same functional use
(e.g., “hammer”), but do not share the same requirements for quality (e.g.,
different hammers may need to withstand different amounts of force). |
Graphical Evaluation and
Review Technique (GERT)
|
A
network analysis technique that
allows for conditional and probabilistic treatment of logical relationships
(i.e., some activities may not be performed.) |
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
|
an
interface to a computer that uses icons to represent desktop objects, such as
documents and programs, that the user can access and manipulate with a
pointing device, such as a mouse. |
Gross Rating Points
(GRP's)
|
A
measure of the overall advertising exposure of consumer households |
Group Technology
(GT)
|
A coding
and classification system to identify similarities in part geometry,
features, characteristics and processes. Its is used to aid in
design retrieval, part standardization, manufacturing cell design, and
production scheduling. / rata-se da aplicação de sistemas de codificação e
classificação para a identificação de similaridades nas características e
processos de fabricação de peças. Esta tecnologia permite obter melhorias de
produtividade e racionalização em uma ampla gama de áreas, tais como: para
melhorar o planejamento dos processos de fabricação, melhoria de laioute de
fábricas, melhoria do planejamento e controle da produção e, em especial, na
utilização de um tipo de manufatura denominado celular, amplamente empregado
em vários setores produtivos. |
Group Technology
(GT)
|
Group
Technology - a coding and classification system to identify similarities in
part geometry, features, characteristics and processes. Its is used to aid in
design retrieval, part standardization, manufacturing cell design, and
production scheduling. |
Growth Stage
|
The
second stage of the product life cycle. This stage is marked by a rapid surge
in sales, market acceptance and overall opportunity for the good or service |
H |
|
Hammock
|
An
aggregate or summary activity (a group of related activities is shown as one
and reported at a summary level). |
Hardware Description Language (HDL)
|
a
language that describes the physical design, electronic behavior, logical
structure, and system annotation information for circuits. An HDL allows a
design to be described in a higher level of abstraction while supporting a
logical synthesis path to gate-level implementation. |
Harmonization of Product Data
Standards (HPS)
|
An
organization sponsored by ANSI to oversee and coordinate the harmonization of
electrical/electronic data standards. |
Hurdle Rate
|
The
minimum return on investment or internal rate of return percentage a new
product must meet or exceed as it goes through development |
HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
|
the
mark-up language used as the basis for the world-wide web. / Linguagem
utilizada na produção de páginas de Web. HTML permite a criação de
documentos que podem ser lidos em navegadores (browsers). HTML permite a
criação de documentos com ligações de hipertexto. |
I |
|
IDDQ
|
IDDQ
tests certain kinds of manufacturing defects such as a short circuit that
makes a device draw excessive current. They measure device current when a
specific set of test vectors is applied, and devices over a threshold current
level can be rejected during test. |
Idea Exchange
|
A
divergent thinking technique that provides a structure for building on
different ideas in a quiet, non-judgmental setting that encourages reflection |
Idea Generation
|
All of
those activities and processes that lead to creating new product or service
ideas that may warrant development |
Idea Merit Index
|
An
internal metric used to impartially rank new product ideas |
Ideation
|
Ideation
is the idea generation phase or stage of new product development. These ideas
came come from internal sources such as Marketing or Engineering as well as
external sources such as customers, suppliers, retailers or consultants. |
IDEF 1X
|
IDEF Semantic Modeling |
IDEF0
|
IDEF Functional Modeling |
IDEF1
|
IDEF Information Modeling |
Imersão
|
A idéia de imersão está ligada com o sentimento de se
estar dentro do ambiente. Normalmente, um sistema imersivo é obtido com o uso
de capacete de visualização, mas existem também sistemas imersivos baseados
em salas com projeções das visões nas paredes, teto, e piso. Além do fator
visual, os dispositivos ligados com os outros sentidos também são importantes
para o sentimento de imersão, como som, posicionamento automático da pessoa e
dos movimentos da cabeça, controles reativos, etc. A visualização
tridimensional através de monitor é considerada não imersiva. |
Implementation Team
|
A team
which converts the concepts and good intentions of the "should-be"
process into practical reality |
Incremental Improvement
|
A small
change made to an existing product that serves to keep the product fresh in
the eyes of customers |
Industrial Design
(ID)
|
The
professional service of creating and developing concepts and specifications
that optimize the function, value, and appearance of products and systems for
the mutual benefit of both user and manufacturer [Industrial Design Society
of America]. |
Information / Informação
|
Knowledge
and insight, often gained by examining data |
Information Distribution
|
Making
needed information available to project stakeholders in a timely manner. |
Information Modeling
|
The
objective of all data and information modeling is to describe a Universe of
Discourse (UoD). In most information models, the representation of the UoD
consists of the creation of a structure of elements and connections, in a
manner that allows the accurate expression of the user's (or some expert's)
conception of some relevant portion of the world. The task of information
modeling is to provide a sound basis for mapping between the portion of the
world of interest and a representation of it that can be used as a
specification for defining a database and/or applications. |
Information Systems / Sistemas de Informação
|
Sistemas, hoje em dia baseados em computadores, que
auxiliam as organizações a automatizarem seus processos na busca pela
melhoria de sua eficiência. |
Information Technology (IT) / Tecnologia da Informação (TI)
|
Conjunto de infra-estrutura, ferramentas (hardware e
software), técnicas e métodos que, usados em organizações, pode auxiliar na
melhoria de operações rotineiras e estratégicas. |
Infovia
|
Canais de comunicações projetados para transporte de
informação. É um termo cunhado em analogia às rodovias (para tráfego de
carros) e ferrovias (para tráfego de trens). |
Initial Graphics Exchange
Specification (IGES)
|
Neutral
file format used to exchange vector and text data among CAD systems. |
Initial Screening
|
The
first decision to spend resources (time or money) on a project. The project
is born at this point. Sometimes called "idea screening." |
Initiation
|
Authorising
the project or phase. |
Injection Molding
|
A
process that utilizes melted plastics injected into steel or aluminum molds
which ultimately result in finished production parts |
Innovation / Inovação
|
A new
idea, method or device. The act of creating a new product or process. The act
includes invention as well as the work required to bring an idea or concept
into final form. |
Innovation Engine
|
The
creative activity and people that actually think of new ideas. It represents
the synthesis phase when someone first recognizes that customer and market
opportunities can be translated into new product ideas |
Innovative Problem
|
Solving:
Methods that combine rigorous problem definition, pattern-breaking generation
of ideas, and action planning which results in new, unique, and unexpected
solutions |
Integração heterogênea
|
É quando vários sistemas que trabalham com bases de
dados distintas trabalham de forma integrada, compartilhando os seus dados |
Integração homogênea
|
É quando vários sistemas trabalham de forma integrada
utilizando a mesma base de dados |
Integral Architecture
|
A
product architecture in which most or all of the functional elements map into
a single or very small number of chunks. It is difficult to subdivide an
integrally-designed product into partially-functioning components |
Integrated Change Control
|
Coordinating
changes across the entire project. |
Integrated Cost/Schedule
|
See earned value |
Integrated Definition Language (IDEF)
|
formerly ICAM Definition Methodology |
Integrated Product Development (IPD)
|
(synonymous
with CE, CPD, IPPD, etc.) - a philosophy that sytematically employs a teaming
of functional disciplines to integrate and concurrently apply all necessary
processes to produce an effective and efficient product that satisfies the
customers needs. |
Integrated Product Team (IPT)
|
A
cross-functional team consisting of representatives from marketing,
engineering, manufacturing, finance. purchasing, test, quality, finance and
any other required disciplines with responsibility for developing a product
or product subsystem. This team is empowered to represent the functional
discipl;ines and develop a product by addressing its life cycle requirements
including its product and support. |
Integration / Integração
|
A palavra integração pode significar tanto o processo
de integração, como o seu resultado. Apresenta-se aqui a definição de
integração, como resultado de um processo de integração. Integrar é obter uma
operação mais eficaz dos processos de negócio de uma empresas e entre eles, compreendendo
as pessoas, máquinas e informação, de acordo com os objetivos da empresa.
Facilitar o acesso a informação, o controle e fluxo de material, conectando
todas as funções e entidades funcionais heterogêneas. Com isso melhora a
comunicação, cooperação e coordenação dentro da empresa. |
Intellectual Property
(IP)
|
Proprietary
knowledge, design information, or other intangible information or
representations that have value to an organization or individual. In
electronic system design, this is design information (e.g., cells, cores,
etc.) packaged for re-use whose ownership must be addressed before it can be
used. |
Interation / Interação
|
A idéia de interação está ligada com a capacidade do
computador detectar as entradas do usuário e modificar instantaneamente o
mundo virtual e as ações sobre ele (capacidade reativa). |
Interference Checking
|
The
process of identifying if and where two or more geometric objects intersect
in either a static or dynamic state. |
Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
|
The
discount rate at which the present value of the future cash flows of an
investment equals the cost of the investment. The discount rate with a
net present value of 0 |
International Standards Organization (ISO)
|
ISO-9000:
A set of 5 auditable standards of the International Standards Organization
that establishes the role of a quality system in a company and which is used
to assess whether the company can be certified as compliant to the standards.
ISO-9001 deals specifically with new products. |
Internet / Internet
|
A melhor demonstração real do que é uma auto-estrada
da informação. A Internet é uma
imensa rede de redes que se estende por todo o planeta e praticamente todos
os países. Os meios de ligação dos computadores desta rede são variados, indo
desde radio, linhas telefônicas, ISDN, linhas digitais, satélite,
fibras-ópticas, etc. Criada em 1969 pelo Departamento de Defesa dos EUA (DoD)
como um projeto pioneiro de constituição de uma rede capaz de sobreviver a
ataques nucleares, foi-se expandindo até chegar ao tamanho e importância que
hoje. |
InterTool Communications (ITC)
|
- part
of the CFI standards that enable applications to communicate events and data
to each other at run time. ITC is the basis for achieving operations such as
cross highlighting logic in both the front end schematic capture and board
layout tools. |
Intranet / Intranet
|
A
private network within an organization that uses the same technologies as the
Internet (TCP/IP, HTTP, HTML and browsers) to provide the capabilities to
create, publish and access information for that organization's users |
Introduction Stage
|
The
first stage of a product's commercial launch and the product life cycle. This
stage is generally seen as the point of market entry, user trial, and product
adoption |
Investment Analysis
|
Conceitos e técnicas de matemática financeira e
custeio que permitem avaliar um determinado investimento e suportar a decisão
de realizá-lo ou não . No caso do desenvolvimento de produto trata da
avaliação da viabilidade econômica do projeto a ser desenvo |
Invitation for Bid (IFB)
|
Generally,
this term is equivalent to request for proposal. However, in some application
areas, it may have a narrower or more specific meaning. |
IPO
|
IGES/PDES Organization |
J |
|
Java
|
A
programming language developed by Sun Microsystems that can be run as a
virtual machine on many computer platforms. Many applications such as product
data management (PDM) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) are being
re-architected to run certain processes using Java to make them widely
available regardless of a user's platform. |
Joint Test Action Group (JTAG)
|
the
informal name for IEEE/ANSI Standard 1149.1-1990 which is a set of design
rules for testing at the IC level |
K |
|
Key Event Schedule
|
See master schedule |
Knowledge Management (KM ) / Gestão do Conhecimento
|
Conjunto de princípios e práticas que caracterizam
a habilidade da organização, de
forma consistente, criar novos conhecimentos, disseminá-los e incorporá-los
em novos produtos e processos. O conhecimento é visto como um ativo
corporativo que deve ser gerido como outros ativos mais tangíveis, por meio
da definição de princípios, processos e infra-estrutura |
L |
|
Lag
|
A
modification of a logical relationship that directs a delay in the successor
task. For example, in a finish-to-start dependency with a ten-day lag, the
successor activity cannot start until ten days after the predecessor has
finished. See also lead. |
Late Finish Date (LF)
|
In the
critical path method, the latest possible point in time that an activity may
be completed without delaying a specified milestone (usually the project
finish date). |
Late Start Date (LS)
|
In the
critical path method, the latest possible point in time that an activity may
begin without delaying a specified milestone (usually the project finish
date). |
Launch
|
The
process by which a new product is introduced into the market for initial sale |
Lead
|
A
modification of a logical relationship that allows an acceleration of the
successor task. For example, in a finish-to-start dependency with a ten-day
lead, the successor activity can start ten days before the predecessor has
finished. See also lag. |
Lead Customers
|
Lead
customers are those customers who are the most advanced users of the
product, customers who are pushing the product to its limits, or
customers who are adapting an existing product(s) to new uses. |
Lead Users
|
Users
for whom finding a solution to one of their consumer needs is so important
that they have modified a current product or invented a new product to solve
the need themselves because they have not found a supplier who can solve it
for them. When these consumers' needs are portents of needs that the center
of the market will have in the future, their solutions are new product
opportunities |
Leaded Chip Carrier
(LCC)
|
a square
chip carrier with pins on all four sides. |
Lean Development
|
O conceito lean de desenvolvimento de produtos
orienta a projetar bons produtos rapidamente com baixos custos e a
desenvolver fluxos de valor operacionais rentáveis. Orienta a identificação
dos principais desperdícios envolvidos nos projetos de desenvolvimento
tradicionais. O modelo proposto é o de "Aprendizado Emergente" da
Toyota: a mesma filosofia aplicada à fábrica é usada no desenvolvimento de
produtos e dos processos dos quais resultarão. Os cinco elementos do Sistema
Lean de Desenvolvimento são: Foco na criação de fluxos de valor rentáveis;
Liderança empreendedora sistêmica; Cadência, fluxo contínuo e puxado; Times
de especialistas responsáveis; Engenharia simultânea baseada em conjuntos de
possíveis soluções. |
Lessons Learned
|
The
learning gained from the process of performing the project. Lessons learned
may be identified at any point. Also considered a project
record. |
Level of Detail
(LOD)
|
the
ability to vary the amount of details displayed in a graphics image to
improve performance. For instance, at a distance, models can appear as simple
3D figures, but as users zoom in, a more detailed representation is
presented. |
Level of Effort (LOE)
|
Support-type
activity (e.g., vendor or customer liaison) that does not readily lend itself
to measurement of discrete accomplishment. It is generally characterised by a
uniform rate of activity over a period of time determined by the activities
it supports. |
Leveling
|
See Resource Leveling. |
Life Cycle / Ciclo de Vida
|
Ciclo de vida é todo o período compreendido desde a
concepção de um produto até sua obsolescência passando pelas etapas de
projeto e produção |
Life-Cycle Costing
|
The
concept of including acquisition, operating, and disposal costs when
evaluating various alternatives. |
Line Extension
|
A form
of derivative product that adds or modifies features without significantly
changing the price |
Line Manager
|
1) The
manager of any group that actually makes a product or performs a service. 2)
a Functional Manager |
Line Replaceable Unit
Lowest Replaceable (LRU)
|
see
Field Replaceable Unit / Ver Field Replaceable Unit |
Link
|
See Logical Relationship |
Lista de Recursos Necessários
|
documento ou conjunto de documentos que descrimina o
pessoal e os recursos materiais necessários para a execução do projeto |
Logic
|
See Network Logic |
Logic Diagram
|
See Project Network Diagram |
Logical Relationship
|
A
dependency between two activities, or between a project activity and a
milestone. See also precedence relationship. The four possible types of
logical relationships are: Finish-to start – the initiation of work of the
successor depends upon the completion of work of the predecessor;
Finish-to-finish – the completion of the work of the successor cannot finish
until the completion of work of the predecessor; Start-to-start – the
initiation of work of the successor depends upon the initiation of the work
of the predecessor; Start-to-finish – the completion of the successor is
dependent upon the initiation of the predecessor. |
Long-term Success
|
The new
product's performance in the long run or at some large fraction of the
product's life cycle |
Loop
|
A
network path that passes the same node twice. Loops cannot be analysed using
traditional network analysis technique such as critical path method and
program evaluation and review technique. Loops are allowed in
graphical evaluation and review technique. |
M |
|
M Curve
|
An
illustration of the volume of ideas generated over a given amount of time.
The illustration often looks like two arches from the letter M |
Maintenance Activity
|
That set
of product development tasks aimed at solving initial market and user
problems with the new product or service |
Manufacturability
|
The
extent to which a new product can be easily and effectively manufactured at
minimum cost and with maximum reliability |
Manufacturing Assembly Procedure
|
Procedural
documents normally prepared by manufacturing personnel that describe how a
component, subassembly or system will be put together to create a final
product. |
Manufacturing Design
|
The
process of determining the manufacturing process that will be used to make a
new product |
Manufacturing Test
Specification and Procedure
|
Documents
prepared by development and manufacturing personnel that describe the
performance specifications of a component, subassembly or system that will be
met during the manufacturing process, and that describe the procedure by
which the specification will be assessed |
Market Conditions
|
The
characteristics of the market into which a new product will be placed,
including the number of competing products, level of competitiveness, and
growth rate |
Market Development
|
Taking
current products to new consumers or users. This effort may involve making
some product modifications |
Market Segmentation
|
The act
of dividing an overall market into groups of consumers with similar needs,
where each of the groups differs from others in the market in some way |
Market Share
|
A
company's sales in a product area as a percent of the total market sales in
that area |
Market Testing
|
The
product development stage when the new product and its marketing plan are
tested together. A market test simulates the eventual marketing mix and takes
many different forms, only one of which bears the name test market |
Market-Driven
|
Allowing
the marketplace to direct a firm's product innovation efforts |
Master Schedule
|
A
summary-level schedule that identifies the major activities and key
milestones. See also Milestone Schedule. |
Material Resource
Planning (MRP)
|
MRP atende as necessidades de informação referentes
ao cálculo da necessidade de materiais, deu origem ao ERP |
Material Review Board
(MRB)
|
a group
that meets periodically within a company to review non-conforming materials
and products to determine their disposition and use. |
Mathematical Analysis
|
See Network Analysis |
Mating Part
|
A
general reference to one of two parts which join together |
Matrix Converger
|
A
convergent thinking tool that uses a matrix to help synthesize data into key
concepts with numbered ratings |
Matrix Organization
|
Any
organizational structure in which the project manager shares
responsibility with the
functional managers for assigning priorities and for directing the work of
individuals assigned to the project. |
Maturity Stage
|
The
third stage of the product life cycle. This is the stage where sales begin to
level due to heavy competition, alternative product options or changing buyer
or user preferences |
Mean Time Between
Failure (MTBF)
|
- the
average time between failures for a repairable product for a defined unit of
measure (e.g., operating hours, cycles, miles, etc.). |
Methods
|
System
of methodical rules that determine classes of possible procedures and actions
that are likely to lead on a planned path to the accomplishment of a desired
aim |
Methods-Time-Motion
(MTM)
|
a
methodology for developing time standards |
Metodologia Taguchi
|
Metodologia de planejamento e análise de experimento
para a melhoria da qualidade de produto e processo. |
Metrics
|
A
prescribed set of measurements to track product development and allow a firm
to measure the impact of process improvements over time. These measures
generally vary by firm, but may include measures characterizing both aspects
of the process, such as time to market, and duration of particular process
stages, as well as outcomes from product development such as the number of
products commercialized per year and percentage of sales due to new products |
Microwave Monolithic
Integrated Circuit (MMIC)
|
device
in which active elements such as transistors and diodes are combined with
passive elements such as resistors, capacitors, inductors and transmission
lines on a single GaAS substrate. These circuits replace conventional chips
and wire in microwave circuits and are used as amplifiers, attenuators or
switches at microwave/millimeter wave frequencies with the benefits of
reduced size, lower costs and improved reliability. |
Milestone
|
A
significant event in the project, usually completion of a major deliverable. |
Milestone Schedule
|
A
summary-level schedule that identifies the major milestones. /see also Master
Schedule. |
Mitigation
|
See Risk Mitigation |
Mockup
|
A
full-size model of something large that has not yet been built which shows
how it will look or operate |
Modelo de Documento
|
documento que serve de modelo para a criação de um
tipo específico de documento. Pode ser em papel ou arquivo eletrônico |
Modular Architecture
|
A
product architecture in which each functional element maps into its own
physical chunk. Different chunks perform different functions |
Monitoring
|
The
capture, analysis, and reporting of project performance, usually as compared
to plan. |
Monitoring Frequency
|
The
frequency with which performance indicators are measured |
Monte Carlo Analysis
|
A
technique that performs a project simulation many times to calculate a
distribution of likely results. See Simulation. |
Multicast
|
Técnica de transmissão que usa um endereço único para
uma coleção específica de nós numa rede. É útil para aplicações como
teleconferência e vídeo-sob-demanda. |
Multi-Chip Module
(MCM)
|
a type
of hybrid integrated circuit in which multiple bare chips are mounted and
interconnected on a substrate, base material or laminate. |
Multifunctional Team
|
A group
of individuals brought together from more than one functional area of a
business to work on a problem or process which requires the knowledge,
training and capabilities across the areas to successfully complete the work |
N |
|
Near-Critical Activity
|
An
activity that has low total float. |
Needs Statement
|
Summary
of consumer needs and wants, described in customer terms, to be addressed by
a new product |
Net Present Value
(NPV)
|
Method
used in comparably evaluating investments in very dissimilar projects by
discounting the current and projected future cash inflows and outflows back
to the present value based on the discount rate, or cost of capital, of the
firm |
Net Shape / forma final
|
p.ex. forging Net Shape = forjamento na forma final |
Network
|
See Project Network Diagram. |
Network Analysis
|
The
process of identifying early and late start and finish dates for the
uncompleted portions of project activities. See also Critical Path Method,
Program Evaluation and Review Technique, and Graphical Evaluation and review
technique. |
Network Diagram
|
A
graphical diagram with boxes connected by lines that shows the sequence of
development activities and the interrelationship of each task with another. Often
used in conjunction with a Gantt chart |
Network Logic
|
The
collection fo activity dependencies that makes up a project Network Diagram |
Network Path
|
Any
continuous series of connected activities in a project network diagram. |
New Product
|
A term
of many opinions and practices, but most generally defined as a product
(either a good or service) new to the firm marketing it. Excludes
products that are only changed in promotion |
New Product Idea
|
A
preliminary plan or purpose of action for formulating new products or
services |
Nominal Group Process
|
A
process which allows members of a group to participate in group discussion in
writing instead of verbally |
Nominal Group Technique (NGT)
|
Nominal
Group Technique, similar to brainstorming, is used by teams to generate ideas
on a particular subject. Team members are asked to silently write down as
many ideas as possible. Each member is then asked in turn to share one idea
which is recorded. After all ideas are recorded, they are discussed and
prioritized by the group. |
Non-Product Advantage
|
Elements
of the marketing mix which create competitive advantage other than the
product itself. These elements can include marketing communications,
distribution, company reputation, technical support and associated services |
Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS)
|
method
of representing curves and surfaces in CAD system using B-splines and
algorithms to represent any complex curve or surface as a single equation by
breaking them up into many pieces. |
Note
|
One of
the defining points of a network; a junction point joined to some or all of
the other dependency lines. See also Arrow Diagramming
Method ad Precedence Diagramming Method |
Numerical Control (NC) / Controle Numérico (CN)
|
creation
or modification of manufacturing control data, plans, or operations.
Sometimes refers more specifically to the programming of numerical controlled
machines |
O |
|
Object-Oriented (OO) / Orientação a Objetos (OO)
|
É um meio para se descrever os sistemas do mundo
real. Um objeto representa uma abstração de uma entidade do mundo real,
combinando, em um mesmo elemento informação e comportamento. Os paradigmas
anteriores do desenvolvimento de software ligavam apenas fracamente a
informação e o comportamento. A orientação a objetos conduz a uma união mais
bem definida destes dois conceitos. |
Object-Oriented Data Base (OODB) / Base de Dados Orientados
a Objetos (BDOO)
|
Estruturas complexas armazenando não somente a
estrutura de dados, mas também seu comportamento, são mais adequados para o
tratamento de objetos complexos (textos, gráficos, imagens) e dinâmicos
(programas, simulações). |
On-Line Analitical
Processing (OLAP) / Processo
Analítico On-Line
|
é uma ferramenta utilizada pelos usuários finais para
análise dos dados extraídos do Data Warehouse (principalmente dados
dimensionais). |
On-Line Transaction
Processing (OLTP) / Processamento de transações On-Line
|
consiste no processamento de transações de um banco
de dados, sendo que este processamento é feito em tempo real |
Operations
|
A term
that includes manufacturing but is much broader, usually including
procurement, physical distribution and for services, management of the
offices or other areas where the services are provided |
Operator's Manual
|
The
written instructions to the users of a product or process. These may be
intended for the ultimate customer or for the use of the manufacturing
operation |
Order-of-Magnitude Estimate
|
See Estimate |
Organização
|
termo genérico que designa empresas, entidades,
instituições e governos |
Organization
|
É a forma como a empresa organiza seu pessoal,
departamentos, fluxo de atividades e de informação, recursos estruturais e
infra-estruturais. No processo de desenvolvimento de produto pode-se
encontrar diversas formas de organização que pode ser estabelecida a cada
novo projeto, como a organização das equipes de projeto, ou definida dentro
do contexto do organograma da empresa. As formas de organização do processo
de desenvolvimento de produto mais tradicionais encontradas estão
relacionadas com a formação das equipes de desenvolvimento, tais como:
funcional, matricial, mista (funcional combinada com matricial), equipe de
projeto pura, entre outras. Um componente importante diz respeito ao grau de
autonomia que é delegado a equipe, que pode ser do tipo coordenação simples,
coordenação heavy weight (o gerente do projeto tem autonomia total),
coordenação light weight (o gerente de projeto tem autonomia limitada,
dependente das prioridades dos gerentes funcionais), e também a autonomia que
pode ser verificada no chamado desenvolvimento enxuto, onde a autoridade é
diretamente relacionada com o grau de capacitação dos indivíduos envolvidos
no projeto |
Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS)
|
A
depiction of the project organization arranged so as to relate Work Pakages
to organizational units |
Organizational Planning
|
Identifying,
documenting, and assigning project roles, reponsibilities, and reporting
relationships |
Original Design Manufacturer (ODM)
|
An
external manufacturer who assumes responsibility for the design, development
and manufacture of a company's products. While the company defines
requirements, may define elements of the architecture, and owns the
intellectual property, the design and manufacture is done by the ODM. |
Orthogonal Array
(OA)
|
an array
to represent an experimental design in DOE. |
Overlap
|
See Lead. |
P |
|
Pad Array Carrier
(PAC)
|
See "CAD" / Ver "CAD" |
Parametric
|
A
capability of 2D and 3D modeling systems in which the user defines dimensions
and constraints to which the model must conform. Alterations
are then automatically reflected in related areas. |
Parametric Estimating
|
An
estimating technique that uses a statistical relationship between historical
data and other variables (e.g., square footage in construction, lines |
Parceiros de Design
|
nome dado aos fornecedores que participam ativamente
do processo de desenvolvimento de produto sendo responsáveis pelo
desenvolvimento de um subsistema ou peça importante. Eles começam a
participar do desenvolvimento à partir da fase de concepção do produto. |
Parceiros Estratégicos
|
nome dado aos fornecedores que possuem um
relacionamento de longo prazo, o qual pode ser caracterizado por um contrato
ou outros mecanismos que faça com que este fornecedor esteja trabalhando
continuamente junto com a empresa cliente e seja sempre preferido frente a
outros fornecedores. Neste caso o fornecedor participa desde o início do
processo de desenvolvimento, pode conhecer os projetos de desenvolvimento, é
preferido na escolha dos projetos e pode também dividir os investimentos e
riscos do projeto. Eles participam do projeto desde a definição da Declaração
de Escopo. |
Parcent Complete (PC)
|
An
estimate, expressed as a percent, of the amount of work that has been
complete on an activity or group of activities. |
Pareto Analysis/ Diagram
|
An
analysis/diagramming technique using frequency of occurence to identify and
display results generated by each identified cause. This analysis is commonly
used to decide where to apply initial effort for maximum effect. See
Pareto Principal. |
Pareto Chart
|
A bar
graph with the bars sorted in descending order used to identify the largest
opportunity for improvement. Pareto charts distinguish the "vital
few" from the "useful many." |
Pareto Diagram
|
A
histogram, ordered by frequency of occurrence, that shows how many results
were generated by each identified cause. |
Pareto Principle
|
The
Pareto principle suggests that most effects come from relatively few causes.
In quantitative terms: 80% of the problems come from 20% of the causes
(machines, raw materials, operators etc.); 80% of the wealth is owned by 20%
of the people etc. Therefore, effort aimed at the right 20% can solve 80% of
the problems. |
Parts Library
(PART-LIB)
|
(ISO
13584) An international standard that will offer the capability for
computer-sensible representation and exchange of part library data. |
Path
|
A set of
sequentially connected activities in a project network diagram. |
Path Convergence
|
The node
in the schedule where parallel paths merge or join. At that nod, delays or
elongation or any converging path can delay the project. In quantitative risk
analysis of a schedule, significant risk may occur at this point. |
Path Float
|
See float |
Payback
|
The
time, usually in years, from some point in the development process until the
commercialized product or service has recovered its costs of development and
marketing. While some firms take the point of full-scale market introduction
of a new product as the starting point, others begin the clock at the start
of development expense |
PDCA
|
Metodologia de gerenciamento da melhoria baseada no
ciclo planejar (P) - executar (D) - verificar (C) e agir corretivamente (A). |
Perceptual Mapping
|
A
quantitative market research tool used to understand how customers think of
current and future products |
Perfomance Measurement Baseline
|
Na
approved plan against which deviations are compared for management control |
Performance Indicators
|
Criteria
with which the performance of a new product in the market can be evaluated |
Performance Measurement System
|
The
system which enables the firm to monitor the relevant performance indicators
of new products in the appropriate time frame |
Performance Reporting
|
Collecting
and disseminating performance information. This includes status reporting,
progress measurement, and forecasting, |
Performing Organization
|
The
enterprise whose employees are most directy involved in doing the work of the
project. |
Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)
|
computadores que cabem na palma da mão (palmtops) e
que tem recursos para organização pessoal e comunicação móvel. Ex.: Newton,
Pilot, Psion. |
PERT Chart
|
The term
is commonly used to refer to a project network diagram. See program
evaluation and review technique for the traditional definition of PERT. |
Pesquisa de Mercado
|
definido aqui dentro de uma perspectiva mais ampla,
considerando a função que integra o cliente (consumidor, técnicos, etc…) com
o profsiional de marketing por intemédio da informação. Esta função busca
identificar e definir as oportunidades e os problmeas de marketing, monitorar
o desempenho e outros. Portanto, pesquisa de mercado é algo mais do que a
coleta de dados. No modelo, os
modelos de coleta de dados são classificados em seis tipos (Sistemas de
Informação, Dados Publicados, Agências de Serviço, Pesquisa Qualitativa,
Enquete e Experimentos), divididos em dois grupos (Dados Secundários e Dados
Primários). |
Phase
|
See Project Phase |
Phase Review Process
|
See
Relay Race process / Ver Relay Race process |
Physical Elements
|
The
components that make up a product. These can be both components (or
individual parts) in addition to minor subassemblies of components |
Physics of Failure (POF)
|
Analysis
to determine the physical causes for the failure of electronics components or
assemblies. |
Pilot Gate Meeting
|
A trial,
informal gate meeting usually held at the launch of a stage-gate process to
test the design of the process and familiarize participants with the
stage-gate process |
Pin Grid Array
(PGA)
|
a chip
housing with a high density of pins that is used for large amounts of I/O. |
Pipeline Alignment
|
The
balancing of project demand with resource supply |
Pipeline Inventory
|
Production
of a new product which have not yet been sold to end consumers, but which
exist within the distribution chain |
Pipeline Management
|
A
process that integrates product strategy, project management, and functional
management to continually optimize the cross-project management of all
development-related activities |
Pipeline Management Enabling Tools
|
The
decision-assistance and data-handling tools which aid managing the pipeline.
The decision-assistance tools allow the pipeline team to systematically
perform trade-offs without losing sight of priorities. The data-handling
tools deal with the vast amount of information needed to analyze project
priorities, understand resource and skillset loads, and perform pipeline
analysis. |
Pipeline Management Process
|
Consists
of three elements; pipeline management teams, a structured methodology and
enabling tools |
Pipeline Management Teams
|
The
teams of people at the strategic, project and functional levels responsible
for resolving pipeline issues |
Pitch
|
The
centerline spacing from one electronic device pin to another |
Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA)
|
a four
step process for quality improvement, sometimes referred to as the Deming
cycle |
Planejamento do Projeto
|
fase na qual são planejados o desenvolvimento
daqueles produtos priorizados no portfolio, cujo desenvolvimento deve
iniciar-se imediatamente. Ou seja, acontece uma fase para cada um dos
produtos priorizados. Esta fase deve ser bem curta, resultando em uma
proposta que detalha as informações do protfolio (pois lá elas sao agregadas
para um conjunto de produtos). Caso a proposta seja aprovada, dá-se início ao
desenvolvimento daquele produto. Porcura-se aqui contemplar as diretrizes do
PMI. |
Planejamento estratégico
|
atividade que consiste na elaboração de um conjunto
de ações visando orientar a organização no sentido de obter vantagens
competitivas que gerem lucros e contribuam para os objetivos dos acionistas.
O resultado desta atividade é um Plano Estratégico. Existem vários níveis de
Planejamento Estratégico. Neste modelo serão considerados três níveis
básicos: 1) Planejamento estratégico corporativo; 2) Planejamento estratégico
da unidade de negócio e 3) Planejamento estratégico de produtos. Utiliza-se
também o planejamento estratégico de negócios que significa os dois
primeiros. Para maiores informações consulte cada um dos termos
separadamente. |
Planned Finish Date (PF)
|
See Scheduled Finish Date |
Planned Start Date (PS)
|
See Scheduled Start Date |
Planned Value (PV)
|
The
physical work scheduled, plus the authorized budget to accomplish the
scheduled work. Previously, this was called the budgeted costs for work
scheduled (BCWS) |
Plano de Comunicação da Equipe
|
documento ou conjunto de documentos que descreve
normas de como a equipe de projeto irá compartilhar as informações do
projeto: cronograma de reuniões, lista de emails, normas de condutas para ,
armazenamento de documentos, controles de versóes, etc. |
Plano de Comunicação da Visão
|
documento descrevendo como a visão será comunicada
externamente e internamente. |
Plano de Comunicação Externa
|
documento ou conjunto de documentos que descreve como
a equipe irá transmitir as informações sobre o andamento e resultados do
projeto. Deve conter o mapeamento dos interessados no projeto e os meios como
a informação será transmitida. |
Plano de Negócios
|
mesmo que Plano Estratégico de Negócios. |
Plano Estratégico
|
documento ou conjunto de documentos que descreve a
situação atual, tendências e a decisão do posicionamento estratégico da
organização. A análise da situação atual e tendências deve considerar: 1) o
mercado (dimensionamento dos clientes e valor); 2) o ambiente concorrencial
(concorrentes, possíveis entrantes e barreiras) e 3) desempenho da
organização (dados comparativos de desempenho operacional e de preferência
dos consumidores). O
posicionamento estratégico da empresa deve conter: 1) tipo de estratégia adotada; 2) ações
necessárias,; 3) avaliação da disponibilidade de recursos e 4) avaliação da
disponibilidade das competências necessárias dentro da empresa e na cadeia de
valor (supply chain). Este documento pode ser tão simples ou complexo quanto
necessário, de acordo com as características da organização. Além disso, ele
pode ser aplicado em diferentes níveis. Serão considerados três: Estratégia
Corporativa, Estratégia da Unidade de Negócio e Estratégia de Produtos. |
Plano Estratégico Corporativo / (PEC)
|
Obtido à partir da síntese das Seguintes referências:
Cooper(1998); KOTLER(2000), STEVENS (2001); PORTER(1991); PORTER (1992) |
Plano Estratégico da Unidade de Negócio / (PEUN)
|
documento ou conjunto de documentos que descreve
detalhadamente a situação atual e tendências de uma Unidade de Negócio e é
capaz de estabelecer o direcionamento estratégico da unidade, a fim de que
sejam atingidas as metas definidas pela corporação (ver Plano Estratégico da
Corporação). O conteúdo deste plano são as metas de desempenho para cada
segmento do mercado da Unidade de Negócio e as metas operacionais dos
diversos processos: manufatura, vendas, logística, etc. Maiores informações
podem ser obtidas em nas seguintes referências KOTLER(2000), STEVENS (2001);
PORTER(1991) e PORTER (1992). |
Plano Estratégico de Negócios / (PEN)
|
termo que corresponde à união do Plano Estratégico
Corporativo e Plano Estratégico da Unidade de Negócios. Nas organizações
pequenas não faz sentido distingüir-se entre os níveis corporativo e de
unidades de negócio. Na verdade,
há um único negócio e não há o problema de alocação de recursos entre
diferentes unidades de negócio. Este termo foi criado para que fosse possível
referir-se de maneira genérica a ambos os planos, independentemente de haver
ou não um Plano Corporativo. |
Plano Estratégico de Produtos / (PEP)
|
documento ou conjunto de documentos que define o
posicionamento estratégico do portfólio de produtos, a fim de que sejam
atingidas as metas de desempenho dos processos de negócio (Plano Estratégico
da Unidade de Negócio). No item de análise da situação atual e tendências
avalia-se o portfolio de produtos atual e as tecnologias empregadas pela
empresa e disponíveis no mercado. Em temros de ações define-se um novo
portfolio de produtos e metas de desempenho para estes produtos no mercado e
para os projetos de desenvolvimento dos novos produtos. Qualquer dúvida
consultar Cooper (1998). |
Platform Product
|
The
design and components which are shared by a set of products in a product
family. From this platform, numerous derivative products can
be designed |
Poka-Yoke
|
Japanese
term for mistake-proofing of product, tooling and/or process by design. |
Portal
|
A
web site that provides a comprehensive set of services and information
for a particular audience such as product development personnel. The
goal of such a site is to be a one-stop web resource for its target audience |
Portfolio Criteria
|
The set
of criteria against which the business judges proposed product development
projects to create a balanced and diverse mix of ongoing efforts |
Portfólio de Produtos
|
representa o conjunto de produtos formado por
produtos que a empresa possui atualmente na sua linha de produção, produtos
em fase de desenvolvimento e produtos planejados para serem desenvolvidos. |
Portfolio Management
|
A
business process by which a business unit decides on the mix of active
projects, staffing and dollar budget allocated to each project. See
also pipeline management / Trata-se de um processo estruturado de avaliação e
decisão sobre projetos que visa a otimização da carteira de projetos. O
gerenciamento de portfolio deve buscar o balanceamento dos riscos, a
maximização do valor total dos projetos e o alinhamento destes projetos com
os objetivos estratégicos da empresa; |
Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM)
|
A
network diagramming technique in which activities are represented by boxes
(or nodes). Activities are linked by precedence relationships to show the
sequence in which the activities are to be performed. |
Precedence Relationship
|
The term
used in the precedence diagramming method for a logical relationship. In
current usage, however, precedence relationship, logical relationship, and
dependency are widely used interchangeably, regardless of the diagramming
method in use. |
Predecessor Activity
|
1) In
the arrow diagramming method, the activity that enters a node. 2)
In the precedence diagramming method, the “from” activity. |
Preliminary Bill of
Materials (PBOM)
|
A
forecasted listing of all the subassemblies, intermediate parts, raw
materials, and engineering design, tool design and customer inputs that are
expected to go into a parent assembly showing the quantity of each required to
make an assembly |
Pre-Production Unit
|
A
product that looks like and acts like the intended final product, but is made
either by hand or in pilot facilities rather than by the final production
process |
Probability and Impact Matrix
|
A common
way to determine whether a risk is considered low, moderate, or high by
combining the two dimensions of a risk, its probability of occurrence, and
its impact on objectives if it occurs. |
Procedimento
|
documento que detalha como uma determinada atividade
deve ser realizada. Inclui informações como: nome da atividade, objetivo,
responsáveis, data, versão, lista de atividades, referências à normas e
padrões. |
Process Champion
|
The
person responsible for the daily promotion of and encouragement to use the
process throughout the organization. They are also responsible for the
ongoing training, innovation input and continuous improvement of the process |
Process Failure Modes and
Effects Analysis (PFMEA)
|
a form
of FMEA associated with the process design and management (see FMEA). |
Process Managers
|
The
operational managers responsible for insuring the orderly and timely flow of
ideas and projects through the process |
Process Map
|
A
workflow diagram which uses an x-axis for process time and y-axis which shows
participants and tasks |
Process Mapping
|
The
General Electric term for "garage bill" scheduling |
Process Owner
|
The
executive manager responsible for the strategic results of the process. This
includes process throughput, quality of output and participation within the
organization |
Process Re-engineering / Reengenharia de Processo
|
A
discipline to measure and modify organizational effectiveness by documenting,
analyzing, and comparing an existing process to "best-in-class"
practice, and then implementing process improvements or installing a whole
new process |
Procurement Planning
|
Determining
what to procure and when. |
Product
|
Term
used to describe all goods and services sold. Products are bundles of
attributes (features, functions, benefits and uses) and can be either
tangible as in the case of physical goods, or intangibles such as those
associated with service benefits or a combination of the two |
Product and Process
Performance Success
|
The
extent to which a new product meets its technical performance and product
development process performance criteria |
Product Architecture
|
The way
in which the functional elements are assigned to the physical chunks of a
product and the way in which those physical chunks interact. |
Product Data Exchange using
STEP (PDES)
|
formerly
Product Data Exchange Specification |
Product Data Management (PDM)
|
Sistemas de gerenciamento de dados do produto é uma
tecnologia de software que visa gerenciar todas as informações e processos
relativos ao ciclo de vida de um produto Estes sistemas se destacaram no meio
dos anos 90 como uma das principais ferramentas para a concretização da
engenharia simultânea, gerenciando as informações e atividades de
desenvolvimento de produto e de suas partes, possuindo assim funcionalidades
especiais como controle da estrutura de produto e controle das modificações
de engenharia. |
Product Definition
|
Defines
the product, including the target market, product concept, benefits to be
delivered, positioning strategy, prices point, and even product requirements
and design specifications |
Product Development
|
The
overall process of strategy, organization, concept generation, product and
marketing plan creation and evaluation, and commercialization of a new
product |
Product Development
& Management Association
(PDMA)
|
A
not-for-profit professional organization whose purpose is to seek out,
develop, organize and disseminate leading edge information on the theory and
practice of product development and product development processes. The PDMA
uses local, national, and international meetings and conferences, educational
workshops, a quarterly newsletter (Visions), a bi-monthly scholarly journal
(Journal of Product Innovation Management), research proposal and
dissertation proposal competitions, and this handbook to achieve its purposes |
Product Development Check List
|
A
pre-determined list of activities and disciplines responsible for completing
those activities used as a guideline to ensure that all the tasks of product
development are considered prior commercialization |
Product Development Portfolio
|
The
collection of new product concepts that are within the firm's ability to
develop, are most attractive to the firm's customers and deliver short- and
long-term corporate objectives, spreading risk and diversifying investments |
Product Development Process
|
A
disciplined and defined set of tasks and steps which describe the normal
means by which a company repetitively converts embryonic ideas into salable
products or services |
Product Development Strategy
|
The
strategy that guides the product innovation program |
Product Development Team (PDT)
|
Product
Development Team - a team consisting of representatives from marketing,
engineering, manufacturing, finance. purchasing, test, quality, finance and
any other required disciplines with responsibility for developing a product
or product subsystem. This team is empowered to represent the functional
disciplines and develop a product by addressing its life cycle requirements
including its product and support. |
Product Discontinuation
|
A
product or service which is withdrawn or removed from the market because it
no longer provides an economic, strategic or competitive advantage to include
it in the firm's portfolio of offerings |
Product Discontinuation Timeline
|
The
process and timeframe in which a product is carefully withdrawn from the
marketplace. The product may be discontinued immediately after the decision
is made, or it may take a year or more to implement the discontinuation
timeline, depending on the nature and conditions of the market and product |
Product Failure
|
A
product development project that does not meet the objective of its
developers |
Product Family
|
The set
of products which have been derived from a common product platform. Members
of a product family normally have many common parts and assemblies |
Product Interfaces
|
Internal
and external interfaces impacting the product development effort, including
the nature of the interface, action required, and timing |
Product Life Cycle (PLC) / Ciclo de Vida do Produto
|
The four
stages that a new product is thought to go through from birth to death:
introduction, growth, maturity and decline. Controversy surrounds
whether products go through this cycle in any predictable way / Compreende
todas as fases da vida do produto, desde o nascimento da idéia, sua conceituação,
a fase de desenvolvimento de produtos, fase de produção e vendas e fase de
descarte |
Product Life Cycle / Ciclo de Vida do Produto
|
1. The
Product Life Cycle from a Marketing perspective is typically defined by its
sales volume profile and broken down into the following phases: introduction,
growth, maturity and decay 2. The Product Life Cycle from the
broader enterprise and user perspective is defined by phases of its overall
life: concept, development, production, operation, support, and disposal |
Product Line
|
A group
of products marketed by an organization to one general market. The products
have some characteristics, customers and uses in common and may also share
technologies, distribution channels, prices, services and other elements of
the marketing mix |
Product Manager
|
The
person assigned responsibility for overseeing all of the various activities
that concern a particular product. Sometimes called a brand manager in
consumer packaged goods firms |
Product Modeling
|
Create
integrated models that combine representations of geometry, semantic
knowledge, and engineering models in what have come to be called engineering
databases or product models. |
Product Plan
|
Detailed
summary of all the key elements involved in a new product development effort
such as product description, schedule, resources, financial estimations and
interface management plan |
Product Platforms
|
Underlying
structures or basic architectures which are common across a group of products
or which will be the basis of a series of products commercialized over a
number of years |
Product Rejuvenation
|
The
process by which a mature or declining product is altered, updated,
repackaged or redesigned to lengthen the product life cycle and in turn
extend sales demand |
Product Requirement
|
A technical
characteristic of the product to respond to a customer need (e.g.,
"provide fast data transmission rate"). A good requirement should
be 1) stated so that it is directly actionable by engineering, 2) is global
and does pre-suppose a particular technical solution, and 3) is measurable so
that it can be ultimately verified. |
Product Requirements Document
|
The
contract between, at a minimum, marketing and development describing
completely and unambiguously the necessary attributes of the product to be
developed |
Product Scope
|
The
features and functions that characterize a product or service. |
Product Structure
Configuration Management (PSCM)
|
STEP, ISO 10303 |
Product Superiority
|
A
product differentiated from those offered by competitors by offering consumers
benefits and value for money above what other products offer. This is one of
the critical success factors in commercializing new products |
Program
|
A group
of related projects managed in a coordinated way. Programs usually include na
element of ongoing work. |
Program Evaluation and Review
Technique (PERT)
|
an
event-oriented network analysis technique used to estimate project duration
when there is a high degree of uncertainty with individual activity duration
estimates. PERT aplies the Critical Path Method (CPM) to a weighted average
duration estimate |
Programmable Array Logic (PAL)
|
see PLD or PLA |
Project
|
A
temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. |
Project Charter
|
A
document issued by senior management that formally authorizes the existence
of a project. An it provides the project manager with the authority to apply
organizational resources to project activities. |
Project Communications Management
|
A subset
of project management that includes the processes required to ensure timely
and appropriate generation, collection and dissemination, storage and
ultimate disposition of project information. It consists of communications
planning, information distribution, performance reporting, and administrative
closure. |
Project Cost Management
|
A subset
of project management that includes the processes required to ensure that the
project is completed within the approved budget. It consists of resource
planning, ost estimating, cost budgeting, and cost control. |
Project Human Resource Management
|
A subset
of project management that includes the processes required to make the most
effective use of the people involved with the project. It consists of
organizational planning, staff acquisition, and team development. |
Project Integration Management
|
A subset
of project management that includes the processes required to ensure that the
various elements of the project are properly coordinated. It consists of
project plan development, project plan execution, and integrated change
control. |
Project Life Cycle
|
A
collection of generally sequential project phases whose name and number are
determined by the control needs of the organization or organziations involved
in the project. |
Project Management (PM) / Gerenciamento de Projetos (GP)
|
Both a process
and set of tools and techniques concerned with defining the project's goal,
planning all the work to reach the goal, leading the project and support
teams, monitoring progress, and seeing to it that the project is completed in
a satisfactory way / O Gerenciamento de Projetos (GP) oferece uma visão
integrada de todos os fatores envolvidos em um projeto para que sejam
atingidos os objetivos assumidos. Tem um enfoque
humanístico e participativo, orientado para a obtenção de resultados, com a
premissa de que os resultados são atingidos por meio do trabalho de pessoas.
O GP compreende a concepção de metas e objetivos do projeto, a elaboração de
um plano, a execução do plano e a revisão e controle do projeto. Por fim, o
GP oferece uma grande variedade de princípios, procedimentos, habilidades,
ferramentas e técnicas que são necessários para que possam atingir os
objetivos previamente planejados |
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK)
|
An
inclusive term that describes the sum of knowledge within the profession of
project management. As with other professions – such as law, medicine, and
accounting – the body of knowledge rests with the practitioners and academics that apply and
advance it. The PMBOK includes proven, traditional practices that are widely
applied, as well as innovative and advanced ones that have seen more limited
use. |
Project Management Institute (PMI)
|
www.pmai.org / www.pmai.org |
Project Management Professional (PMP)
|
An
individual certified as such by the Project Management Institute (PMI). |
Project Management Software
|
A class
of computer applications specifically designed to aid with planning and
controlling project costs and schedules. |
Project Management Team
|
The
members of the project team who are directly involved in project management
activities. On some smaller projects, the project management team may include
virtually all of the project team members. |
Project Manager (PM)
|
The
individual responsible for managing of project. |
Project Network Diagram
|
Any
schematic display of the logical relationships of project activities. Always
drawn from left to right to reflect project chronology. Often
referred to as a PERT chart.. |
Project Phase
|
A
collection of logically related project activities, usually culminating in
the completion of a major deliverable. |
Project Pipeline Management
|
Fine-tuning
resource deployment smoothly for projects during ramp up, ramp down, and
mid-course adjustments |
Project Plan
|
A
formal, approved document used to guide both project execution and project
control. The primary uses of the project plan are to document planning
assumptions and decisions, facilitate communication among stakeholders, and
document approved scope, cost, and schedule baselines. A
project plan may be summary or detailed. |
Project Plan Development
|
Integrating
and coordinating all project plans to create a consistent, coherent document. |
Project Plan Execution
|
Carrying
out the project plan by performing the activities included therein. |
Project Planning
|
The
development and maintenance of the project plan. |
Project Procurement Management
|
A subset
of project management that includes the processes required to acquire goods
and services to attain project scope from outside the performing
organization. It consists of procurement planning, solicitation planning,
solicitation, source selection, contract administration, and contract
closeout. |
Project Quality Management
|
A subset
of project management that includes the processes required to ensure that the
project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken. It consists of
quality planning, quality assurance, and quality control. |
Project Risk Management
|
Risk
management is the systematic process of identifying, analyzing, and
responding to project risk. It includes maximizing the probabilty and consequences
of positive events and minimizing the probability and consequences of
planning, risk identification, qualitative risk analysis, quantitative risk
analysis, risk response planning, and risk monitoring and control. |
Project Schedule
|
The
planned dates for performing activities and the planned dates for meeting
milestones. |
Project Scope
|
The work
that must be done to deliver a product with the specified features and
functions |
Project Scope Management
|
A subset
of project management that includes the processes required to ensure that the
project includes all of the work required, and only the work required, to
complete the project successfully. It consists of initiation, scope planning,
scope definition, scope verification, and scope change control. |
Project Sponsor
|
The
authorization and funding source of the project. The person who defines the
project goals and to whom the final results are presented. Typically
a senior manager |
Project Team Members
|
The
people who report either directly or indirectly to the project manager. |
Project Time Management
|
A sbset
of project management that includes the processes required to ensure timely
completion of the project. It consists of activity definition, activity
sequencing, activity duration estimating, schedule development, and schedule
control. |
Projectized Organization
|
Any
organizational structure in which the project manager has full authority to
assign priorities and to direct the work of individual assigned to the
project. |
Promotion Level
|
In a
product data management system, information is assigned to promotion levels.
These are defined and named by the system administrator. Examples are Review,
Preliminary Release, Prototype Release, and Production. Each promotion level
has its own set of authorizations for access and approvals |
Protocol / Protocolo
|
A
statement of the attributes (mainly benefits, features only when required)
that a new product is expected to have. A protocol is prepared prior to
assigning the project to the technical development team. The
benefits statement is agreed to by all parties involved in the project / Em
redes de computadores, é um conjunto de regras padronizado que especifica
detalhes que as partes devem concordar na transferência de dados. |
Prototipação Virtual
|
Geração de protótipos no computador para
apresentações e emulações realistas, que permite interações com o produto até
mesmo nos estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento. |
Prototype
|
A
physical model of the new product concept. Depending upon the purpose,
prototypes may be non-working, functionally working or both functionally and
aesthetically complete |
Psychographics
|
Characteristics
of consumers which, rather than purely demographic, measure their attitudes,
interests, opinions, and lifestyles |
Q |
|
QS-9000 / QS-9000
|
QS-9000 define os requisitos fundamentais de
qualidade dos fornecedores, internos ou externos, de peças, serviços e
materiais proporcionando melhoramento contínuo e enfatizando prevenção de
defeitos, redução de variações, diminuição de refugo e redução de custos. |
Q-Sorts
|
A
process for sorting and ranking complex issues |
Quad Flat Pack
(QFP)
|
surface
mount chip housing with flat leads on four sides |
Qualitative Market Research
|
Consumer
research conducted with a very small number of consumers, either in groups or
individually. Results are not representative of consumers in general or
projectable. Frequently used to gather initial consumer needs and obtain
initial reactions to ideas and concepts |
Qualitative Risk Analysis
|
Performing
a qualitative analysis of risks and conditions to prioritize their effects on
project objectives. It involves assessing the probability and impact of
project risk(s) and using methods such as the probability and impact matrix
to clssify fisks into categories of high, moderate, and low for prioritized
risk response planning |
Quality
|
Qualidade de produto: Conjunto de atributos do
produto que lhe conferem a propriedade de ser adequado ao uso. Para ter
qualidade o produto deve estar conforme os requisitos do cliente e oferecer
satisfação total ao cliente. A qualidade de um produto pode ser analisada por
diversos enfoques(pontos de vista): transcendental, baseado no produto,
baseado no usuário, baseado na produção e baseado no valor. A qualidade do
produto se manifesta por meio de diversas
dimensões/parâmetros/características do produto: desempenho, facilidade de
uso, confiabilidade, durabilidade, manutenibilidade, disponibilidade,
conformidade com especificações, interface com usuário e meio ambiente,
serviços pós-venda, imagem da marca, estética, etc. As características que
definem a qualidade de um produto bem como a importância relativa das mesmas
são específicas para cada produto. Pode-se considerar o conceito de qualidade
total de um produto. Idealmente um produto de qualidade teria qualidade por
todos os enfoques bem como em todas as características que o definem |
Quality Assurance (QA)
|
1) The
process of evaluating overall project performance on a regular basis to
provide confidence that the project will satisfy the relevant quality
standards. 2) The organizational unit that is assigned responsibility for
quality assurance. |
Quality Control (QC)
|
1) The
process of monitoring specific project results to determine if they comply
with relevant quality standards and identifying ways to eliminate if of
unsatisfactory performance. 2) The organizational unit that is assigned
responsibility for quality control. |
Quality Control Specification
and Procedure
|
Documents
that describe the specifications and the procedures by which they will be
measured which a finished subassembly or system must meet before judged ready
for shipment |
Quality Function
Deployment (QFD)
|
A
structured method employing matrix analysis for linking what the market
requires to how it will be accomplished in the development effort. This
method is most valuable during the stage of development when a
multifunctional team agrees on how customer needs relate to product
specifications and features which deliver those By explicitly linking these
aspects of product design, QFD limits the chance of omitting important design
characteristics or interactions across design characteristics. QFD
is also an important mechanism in promoting multifunctional teamwork / O QFD
é uma técnica que pode ser empregada durante todo o processo de
desenvolvimento de produto e que tem por objetivo auxiliar o time de
desenvolvimento a incorporar no projeto as reais necessidades dos clientes.
Por meio de um conjunto de matrizes parte-se dos requisitos expostos pelos
clientes e realiza-se um processo de “desdobramento” transformando-os em
especificações técnicas do produto. As matrizes servem de apoio para o grupo
orientando o trabalho, registrando as discussões, permitindo a avaliação e
priorização de requisitos e características e, ao final, será uma importante
fonte de informações para a excecução de todo o projeto |
Quality Planning
|
Identifying
which quality standards are relevant to the project, and determining how to
satisfy them. |
Quality-by-Design
|
The
process used to design quality into the product, service or process from the
inception of product development |
Quantitative Market Research
|
Consumer
research, often surveys, conducted with a large enough sample of consumers to
produce statistically reliable results which can be used to project outcomes
to the general consumer population. Used to determine importance levels of
different customer needs, performance ratings of and satisfaction with
current products, probability of trial, repurchase rate, and product preferences.
These techniques are used to reduce the uncertainty associated with many
other aspects associated with product development |
Quantitative Risk Analysis
|
Measuring
the probability and consequences of risks and estimating their implications
for project objectives. Risks are characterized by probability distributions
of possible outcomes. This process uses quantitative cechniques such as
simulation and decision tree analysis. |
R |
|
Rapid Prototyping (RP)
|
Any of a
variety of processes which avoids tooling time in producing prototypes or
prototype parts and therefore allows (generally non-functioning) prototypes
to be produced within hours or days rather than weeks. These prototypes are
frequently used to test quickly the product product's technical feasibility
or consumer intersest |
Rapid Toling
|
A mesma técnica de rapid prototyping visando no
entanto criar uma ferramenta, normalmente de injeção ou conformação visando
obter baixas séries de produtos |
Real Time / Tempo real
|
Pouco ou nenhum atraso no tempo de resposta, dando a
impressão de resposta instantânea |
Realidade Virtual
/ (RV)
|
O real seria da ordem do “tenho”, enquanto o virtual
seria da ordem do “terás”, ou da ilusão. Virtual é o que existe em potência e não em ato. virtual tende a atualizar-se, sem ter
passado no entanto à concretização efetiva ou formal. o virtual não se opõe
ao real mas ao atual: virtualidade e atualidade são apenas duas maneiras de
ser diferentes. |
Realization Gap
|
The time
between first perception of a need and the launch of a product that fills
that need |
Reference Model / modelo de referência
|
É um modelo de processo de negócio que é utilizado
para se derivar (criar) modelos específicos. |
Register Transfer Level (RTL)
|
a system
definition described in terms of registers, switches (multiplexers), and
operations. They are also known as dataflow descriptions. |
Relatório de Aprovação de Definição de Produto
|
documento que torna explícita a aprovação para o
início da fase de definição de um dos produtos programados no portfólio. Pode
ser uma ata de reunião, um email ou um memorando oficial. A unidade
responsável pela gestão do portfolio é que deverá emitir este documento |
Relay Race Process
|
A staged
product development process in which first one function completes a set of
tasks, then passes the information they generated sequentially to another
function which in turn completes the next set of tasks and then passes
everything along to the next function. Multifunctional teamwork is largely
absent in these types of product development processes, which may also be
called phase review or baton-passing processes. |
Reliability
|
The
probability that an item will continue to function at customer expectation
levels at a measurement point, under specified environmental and duty cycle
conditions. |
Remaining Duration (RDU)
|
The time
needed to complete an activity. |
Render
|
Process
that industrial designers use to visualize their ideas by putting their
thoughts on paper with any number of combinations of color markers, pencils
and highlighters |
Reposition
|
To
change the product positioning, either on failure of the original positioning
or to react to changes in the marketplace. Most frequently accomplished
solely through changing the marketing mix |
Request for proposal (RFP)
|
A type
of bid document used to solicit proposals form prospective sellers of
products or services. In some application areas, it may have a narrower or
more specific meaning. |
Request for Quotation (RFQ)
|
Generally,
this term is equivalent to request for proposal. However, in some application
areas, it may have a narrower or more specific meaning. |
Requirements Allocation
Matrix (RAM)
|
Requirements
Allocation Matrix is a matrix showing the allocation of a requirement
(e.g., reliability, weight, cost) to various subsystems or subassemblies so
that requirement can be accurately flowed-down and the satisfaction of the
overall requirement can be tracked and managed. |
Reserve
|
A
provision in the project plan to mitigate cost and/or schedule risk. Often
used with a modifier (e.g., management reserve, contingency reserve) to
provide further detail on what types of risk are meant to be mitigated. The
specific meaning of the modified term varies by application area. |
Residual Risk
|
A risk
that remains after risk responses has been implemented. |
Resource Leveling
|
Any form
of network analysis in which scheduling decisions (start and finish dates)
are driven by resource management concerns (e.g., limited resource
avaliability or difficult-to-manage changes in resource levels). |
Resource Matrix
|
An array
that shows the percentage of each non-managerial person's time that is to be
devoted to each of the current projects in the firm's portfolio |
Resource Plan
|
Detailed
summary of all forms of resources required to complete product development,
including personnel, equipment, time and finances |
Resource Planning
|
Determining
what resources (people, equipment, materials) are needed in what quantities
to perform project activities. |
Resource-Limited Schedule
|
A
project schedule whose start and finish dates reflect expected resource
availability. The final project schedule should always be resource limited. |
Response Surface
Methodology (RSM)
|
Design
of Experiments technique |
Responsibility Assignment Matrix
(RAM)
|
A
structure that relates the project organization structure to the work
breakdown structure to help ensure that each element of the projects scope of
work is assigned to a responsible individual. |
Responsibility Chart
|
See
responsibility assignment matrix. |
Responsibility Matrix
|
This
matrix indicates the specific involvement of each functional department in
each task or activity in each stage |
Retainage
|
A
portion of a contract payment that is held until contract completion to
ensure full performance of the contract terms. |
Return on Ideas
|
Reflects
the potential value of an idea |
Return on Investment (ROI)
|
A
standard measure of project profitability, this is the discounted profits
over the life of the project expressed as a percentage of initial investment |
Revenue Release
|
The
point in the product life cycle that products are released for first sale to
customers. Production is usually still at low rate, the customers that the
product is sold to may need to meet certain requirements, and there may be
special support capabilities provided to the product at this point. |
Rework
|
Action
taken to bring a defective or nonconforming item into compliance with a
requirements or specifications. |
Rigid Gate
|
A review
point in a stage-gate process at which all the prior stage's work and
deliverables must be complete before the next stage can commence |
Risk / Riscos
|
An
uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative
effect on a projects objectives |
Risk Acceptance
|
This
technique of the risk response planning process indicates that the project
team has decided not to change the project plan to deal with a risk, or is
unable to identify any other suitable response strategy. |
Risk Avoidance
|
Risk
avoidance is changing the project plan to eliminate the risk or to protect
the project objectives from its impact. It is a tool of the risk response
planning process. |
Risk Category
|
A source
of potential risk reflecting technical, project management, organizational,
or external sources. |
Risk Database
|
A
repository that provides for collection, maintenance, and analysis of data
gathered and used in the risk management processes. A lessons-learned program
uses a risk database. This is an output of the risk monitoring and control
process. |
Risk Event
|
A discrete
occurrence that may affect the project for better or worse. |
Risk Identification
|
Determining
which risks might affect the project and documenting their characteristics. Tools
used include brainstorming and checklists. |
Risk Management Plan
|
Documents
how the risk processes will be carried out during the project. This is the
output of risk management planning. |
Risk Management Planning
|
Deciding
to approach and plan risk management activities for a project. |
Risk Mitigation
|
Risk
mitigation seeks to reduce the probability and/or impact of a risk to below
and acceptable threshold. |
Risk Monitoring and Control
|
Monitoring
residual risks, identifying new risks, executing risk reduction plans, and
evaluating their effectiveness throughout the project life cycle. |
Risk Register
|
See risk
response plan. |
Risk Response Plan
|
A
document detailing all identified risks, including description, cause,
probability of occurring, impact(s) on objectives, proposed responses,
owners, and current status. Also known as risk register. |
Risk Transference
|
Risk
transference is seeking to shift the impact of a risk to a third part
together with ownership of the response. |
Robust Design
|
Design
of the product in a manner to desensitize the product to variation and
increase the probability that it will perform as intended |
Robustness
|
The
condition of a product or process where its operating parameters remain
relatively stable with a minimum of variation even though factors which
influence operation or usage , such as wear or environment, change. |
Roteamento
|
Capacidade apresentada por redes de computadores para
prover meios de direcionar pacotes entre dois pontos. |
Rugby Process
|
A
product development process in which stages are partially or heavily
overlapped rather than sequential with crisp demarcations between one stage
and its successor |
S |
|
Scanner Test Markets
|
Special
test markets which provide supermarket scanner data from panels of consumers
to help assess the product's performance |
Schedule
|
See
project schedule. |
Schedule Analysis
|
See
network analysis. |
Schedule Compression
|
See
duration compression. |
Schedule Control
|
Controlling
changes to the project schedule. |
Schedule Development
|
Analyszing
activity sequences, activity durations, and resource requirements to create
the project schedule. |
Schedule Performance Index
(SPI)
|
The
schedule efficiency ratio of earned value accomplished against the planned
value. The SPI describes what portion of the planned schedule was actually accomplished.
The SPI = EV divided by PV. |
Schedule Variance (SV)
|
1) Any
difference between the scheduled completion of and activity and the actual
completion of that activity. 2) In earned value, EV less BCWS = SV. |
Scheduled Finish Date (SF)
|
The
point is time that work was scheduled to finish on an activity. The scheduled
start date is normally within the range of dates delimited by the early
finish date and the late finish date. It may reflect leveling or scarce
resources. |
Scheduled Start Date (SS)
|
The
point in time that work was scheduled to start on an activity. The scheduled start date is
normally within the range of dates delimited by the early start date and the
late start date. It may reflect leveling of scarce resources. |
Scope
|
The sum
of products and services to be provided as part of a project |
Scope Baseline
|
See
baseline. |
Scope Change
|
Any
change to the project scope. A scope change almost always requires na
adjustment to the project cost or schedule. |
Scope Change Control
|
Controlling
changes to project scope. |
Scope Definition
|
Subdividing
the major deliverables into smaller, more manageable components to provide
better control. |
Scope Planning
|
The
process of progressively elaborating the work of the project, which includes
developing a written scope statement that includes the project justification,
the major deliverables, and the project objectives. |
Scope Statement
|
The
scope statement provides a documented basis for making future project
decisions and for confirming or developing common understanding of project
scope among the stakeholders. As the project progresses, the scope statement
may need to be revised or refined to reflect approved changes to the scope of
the project. |
Scope Verification
|
Formalizing
acceptance of the project scope. |
Screening
|
Screening
is the process of evaluating and selecting new product ideas or concepts for
development. These evaluation criteria include fit with company strategy, fit
with other products/product lines, fit with customers and markets,
profitability, growth, risk, investment requirements, technical capabilities,
core competencies, etc. |
S-curve
|
A
graphical representation of costs, hours, technological progress and other
factors. The name is derived from the S-like shape of the curve that is
flatter at the beginning, accelerates sharply, and then tails-off. |
Secondary Risk
|
A risk
that arises as direct result of implementing risk response. |
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
|
a rapid
prototyping technology that uses a laser to trace a pattern on a powdered
material to fuse it into a solid on layer after anthor to form a solid
object. |
Seller
|
The
provider of goods or services to an organization. |
Senior Management
|
That
level of executive or operational management above the product development
team which has approval authority or controls resources important to the
development effort |
Serviceability
|
The
characteristics of a product to make it more readily serviceable. These
characteristics would address features related to fault identification,
diagnosis, disassembly, repair, replacement, and re-assembly. A common
serviceability metric is mean time to repair (MTTR). |
Services
|
Products,
such as an airline flight or insurance policy, that are intangible or at
least substantially so. If totally intangible, they are exchanged directly
from producer to user, cannot be transported or stored and are instantly
perishable. Service delivery usually involves customer participation in some
important way, cannot be sold in the sense of ownership transfer, and have no
title |
Short-term Success
|
The new
product's performance shortly after launch, well within the first year of
commercial sales |
Should-Be Map
|
A
version of a process map depicting how a process will work in the future. A
revised "as-is" process map. The result of the team's
re-engineering work |
Should-Cost Estimate
|
Na
estimate of the cost of a product or service used to provide na assessment of
the reasonableness of a prospective contractors proposed cost. |
Signal to Noise
(S/N)
|
e.g.,
Signal to Noise Ratio |
Signal to Noise Ratio (S/N Ratio)
|
Mathematical
equation that indicates the magnitude of an experimental effect divided by
the experimental error due to chance fluctuations. Metric used in Taguchi
Methods, which is a form of DOE. |
Simulação de eventos discretos
|
São modelos discretos aqueles em que o avanço da
contagem de tempo na simulação se dá na forma de incrementos cujos valores
podem ser definidos em função da ocorrência dos eventos ou pela determinação
de um valor fixo, nesses casos só é possível determinar os valores das
variáveis de estado do sistema nos instantes de atualização da contagem de
tempo; |
Simulação de processos contínuos
|
o avanço da contagem de tempo na simulação dá-se de
forma contínua, o que possibilita determinar os valores das variáveis de
estado a qualquer instante. |
Simulated Test Market
|
A form
of quantitative market research and pre-test marketing in which consumers are
exposed to new products and to their claims in a staged advertising and
purchase situation. Output of the test is an early forecast of expected sales
or market share, based on mathematical forecasting models, management
assumptions, and input of specific measurements from the simulation |
Simulation / Simulação
|
Modeling
or representation of hardware, software or systems to determine or verify
their behavior, operation or fit. Simulation is used to provide confidence
that the hardware, software or systems will operate as intended without
investing the time or expense of physically constructing the object to verify
its operation. In electronic design, simulation is a technique in
which the properties of a circuit are represented indirectly by test vectors.
/ o processo pelo qual os resultados são emitidos em funções de perguntas “E
SE”, não otimizando o processo efetivamente, mas fornecendo subsídios para as
tomadas de decisão dos gerentes. |
Simulation Program with
Integrated Circuit Emphasis
(SPICE)
|
- One of
the most widely used analog circuit simulation programs. |
Simultaneous Engineering (SE) / Engenharia Simultânea
|
See Concurrent Engineering / Ver Concurrent
Engineering
Engenharia Simultânea é uma abordagem sistemática para o
desenvolvimento integrado e paralelo do projeto de um produto e os processos
relacionados, incluindo manufatura e suporte. Essa abordagem procura fazer
com que as pessoas envolvidas no desenvolvimento considerem, desde o início,
todos os elementos do , da concepção ao descarte, incluindo qualidade, custo,
prazos e requisitos dos clientes." |
Sistema de Informação Estratégico / (SIE)
|
O Sistema de Informação Estratégico é responsável
pelo processamento de dados das atividades operacionais e das transações
gerenciais transformando os em informações estratégicas. Esses sistemas
trabalham com os dados em nível macro, filtrado das operações das funções
empresariais da empresa considerando ainda, o meio ambiente interno e/ou
externo, visando acelerar o processo de tomada decisão da alta administração. |
Sistema de Informação Gerencial / (SIG)
|
O Sistema de Informação Gerencial também é chamado de
sistema de apoio à gestão empresarial ou sistema gerenciais e contemplam o
processamento de grupos de dados das operações e transações operacionais
transformando-os em informações para gestão. Esses sistemas trabalham com os
dados agrupados (ou sintetizados, acumulados) das operações das funções
empresariais da organização, auxiliando a tomada decisão do corpo gestor das
unidades departamentais, em sinergia com as demais unidades. |
Sistema de Informação Operacional / (SIO)
|
O Sistema de Informação Operacional também é chamado
de sistema de apoio às operações empresariais, sistema de controle ou sistema
de processamento de transações. São responsáveis pelo processamento de
operações e transações rotineiras, no seu detalhe, incluindo seus respectivos
procedimentos. Controlam os dados detalhados das operações das funções
empresariais imprescindíveis ao funcionamento harmônico da empresa,
auxiliando a tomada decisão do corpo técnico das unidades de departamentais. |
Sistema de Monitoramento
|
Sistema responsável por perceber a ocorrência de
fenômenos em máquinas que não podem ser detectados pelo controle normal. |
Sistema Inteligente de Tráfego
|
Conjunto de tecnologias projetadas para implementar a
rodovia inteligente. Prevê, através de uma rede de computadores,
monitoramento remoto das condições de tráfego, controle de velocidade,
serviços de ajuda ao usuário, etc. |
Sistemas Especialistas
|
são sistemas com inteligência artificial, que possuem
aplicações na medicina, uso militar, mercado financeiro. Fazem perguntas, dão
pareceres e os justificam. Um
sistema especialista é uma fonte prática capaz de lidar com problemas
complexos, resolver questões que requerem um alto nível de juízo humano e
perícia, e comunicar-se com seu usuário através de um diálogo eficaz. |
Six sigma / Seis sigmas
|
Programa de Melhoria desenvolvido na Motorola e GE,
baseado em ferramentas estatísticas de redução da variabilidade de processos.
|
Slack
|
Term
used in arrow diagramming method for float. |
Slip Rate
|
Measures
the accuracy of the planned project schedule according to the formula: Slip
Rate = [(actual schedule/planned schedule) -1] * 100%. |
Sneak Analysis
|
Analysis
of of modes of operation unanticipated during design that result in
unexpected system behavior and potential failure. |
Society of American Value
Engineers (SAVE)
|
www.value-eng.com/
/ www.value-eng.com/ |
Society of Concurrent Product
Development (SCPD)
|
www.soce.org
/ www.soce.org |
Software Development
|
Ferramentas, metodologias e conceitos relacionados
com o processo de desenvolvimento de software. |
Software Engineering Institute (SEI)
|
(at
Carnegie Mellon University). Developers of the Capability Maturity Model. |
Solicitation
|
Obtaining
quotations, bids, offers, or proposals as appropriate. |
Solicitation Planning
|
Documenting
product requirements and identifying potential sources. |
Solids Modeling (SM)
|
A
geometric modeling method that completely and unambiguously describes both
the exterior and interior of a part or assembly in three dimensions
(geometry, topology and mass properties). |
Source Selection
|
Choosing
from among potential sellers. |
Spec 1170
|
The
common API specification by COSE that includes a set of about 1170 Unix
interfaces endorsed by 75 industry vendors. |
Special Characteristics
|
Product
and process characteristics designated by the customer; governmental,
regulatory or safety agencies; and/or the supplier through knowledge of the
product or process. |
Specification
|
A
detailed description of the features and performance characteristics of a
product. For example, a laptop computer's specification may read as a 90
megahertz Pentium, with 16 megabytes of ram and 720 megabytes of hard disk
space, 3.5 hours of battery life, weighing 4.5 pounds, with an active matrix
256 color screen |
Specifications
|
The
particular measures or metrics to define a product requirement (e.g.,
"56K baud rate"). |
Specifications du Standard D'Echange et de Transfert (SET)
|
French product data standard |
Sponsor
|
An
informal role in the product development project, usually a higher-ranking
person in the firm who is not personally involved in the project (compared to
the champion) but ready to extend a helping hand if needed, or provide a
barrier to interference by others |
Staff Acquisition
|
Getting
needed human resources assigned to and working on the project. |
Stage
|
One
group of concurrently-accomplished tasks, with specified outcomes and
deliverables, of the overall product development process |
Stage Gate
|
Stage
gates or phase gates refer to management reviews that are structured at key
points in the development process (typically at the end of one phase or
before the start of the next development phase) to review the
opportunity/development effort, assess it from a business perspective and
determine whether it is worthy to continue development or to kill the
project. |
Staged Product Development Activity
|
The set
of product development tasks commencing when it is believed there are no
major unknowns and that result in initial production of salable product,
carried out in stages |
Stage-Gate Process
|
A
widely-employed product development process form managing product development
that divides the effort into distinct time-sequenced stages separated by
management decision gates. Multifunctional teams must successfully complete a
prescribed set of related cross-functional tasks in each stage prior to
obtaining management approval to proceed to the next stage of product
development. The framework of the stage-gate process includes work-flow and
decision-flow paths and defines the supporting systems and practices
necessary to ensure the process's ongoing smooth operation |
Stakeholder
|
Individuals
and organizations that are actively involved in the project, or whose
interests may be positively or negatively affected as a result of project
execution or project completion. They may also exert influence over the
project and its results. |
Standard Cost
|
See
Factory Cost / Ver Factory Cost |
Standard Delay Format
(SDF)
|
an
industry standard notation for electronic circuit delay/constraint data for
use between EDA tools. |
Standard for Exchange of
Product Data (STEP)
|
(ISO
10303) - An international product data standard to provide an complete,
unambiguous, computer-interpretable definition of the physical and functional
characteristics of a product throughout its life cycle. / é uma norma
internacional da ISO ( international standard association) que especifica,
por meio de uma linguadem orientada à objeto, os dados de um produto, tais
como: modelos geométricos, processos, etc... Com o STEP deve ser
possível efetuar a comunicação entre sistemas de informação que possuem base
de dados proprietárias, caso eles possuam uma conversor de dados STEP. |
Standard Generalized Mark-up
Language (SGML)
|
(ISO 8879) |
Start Date
|
A point
in time associated with an activity start, usually qualified by one of the
following actual, planned, estimated, scheduled, early, late, target,
baseline, or current. |
Start-to-Finish (SF)
|
See logical relationship |
Start-to-Start (SS)
|
See logical relationship |
Statement of Work
(SOW)
|
a
narrative description of products and services to be supplied under contract
or as part of a project |
Statistics / Estatística
|
Existem vários significados para estatística. Pode
ser vista como um índice específico que mede a probabilidade estimada ou
ocorrência de um determinado evento, pode significar a própria medida ou a
área de conhecimento que estudo o levantamento e análise |
STEP Data Access
Interface (SDAI)
|
STEP Part 22 |
Stereolithography
|
A rapid
prototyping (RP) process, introduced in 1987 by 3D Systems Inc. which
launched the RP industry. A Stereolithography Apparatus (SLA) machine builds
physical models in this manner: it focuses an ultraviolet (UV) light onto the
surface of a vat filled with liquid photopolymer. The light beam, moving
under computer control, draws each layer of an object onto the surface of the
liquid. Wherever the beam strikes the surface, liquid changes to solid. 3D
parts are built from the bottom up, one layer at a time; when the part is
finished, it is exposed to UV light for curing. |
Stereolithography Apparatus (SLA)
|
see Stereolithography |
Stop Light Voting
|
A
convergent thinking technique by which participants vote their idea
preferences using colored adhesive dots |
Strategic Balance
|
Balancing
the portfolio of development projects along many dimensions such as focus
versus diversification, short versus long term, high versus low risk,
extending platforms versus development of new platforms |
Strategic New Product
Development (SNPD)
|
The process
which ties new product strategy to new product portfolio planning |
Strategic Pipeline Management
|
Focuses
on achieving strategic balance, which entails setting priorities among the
numerous opportunities and adjusting the organization's skill sets to deliver
products. |
Strategy
|
Estratégia é um plano composto de uma série de ações
concebidas e articuladas previamente, de modo a explicitar com clareza os
objetivos da organização, os meios e os recursos necessários para atingi-los. |
Subassembly
|
A
collection of components that can be put together as a single assembly to be
inserted into a larger assembly or final product. Often the subassembly is
tested for its ability to meet some set of explicit specifications before
inclusion in the larger product |
Subnet
|
A
subdivision of a project network diagram, usually representing some form of
subproject. |
Subnetwork
|
See Subnet |
Subproject
|
A
smaller portion of the overall project. |
Success Dimensions
|
Product development
success has four dimensions. At the project level, there are three
dimensions: financial, customer-based and product and process performance.
The fourth dimension of product development success is measured at the firm
level |
Successor Activity
|
1) In
the arrow diagramming method, the activity that departs a node. 2)
In the precedence diagramming method, the “to” activity. |
Supplier Roadmap
|
Technology
roadmaps of the suppliers current and future product and process technology
capabilities. These are typically represented in tabular or graphic form over
time to aid in the selection of the appropriate product or process technology
for a new product. |
Supply Chain
|
É a cadeia de suprimentos, isto é, o conjunto de
empresas que agregam valor a um determinado produto. Pode significar também a
abordagem de analisar a organização, problemas e definir ações para uma
determinada organização avaliando não apenas a empresa m |
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
|
Programa de Melhoria desenvolvido na Motorola e GE,
baseado em ferramentas estatísticas de redução da variabilidade de processos.
|
Support Service
|
Any
organizational function whose primary purpose is not product development, but
whose input is necessary to the successful completion of product development
projects |
Surface Modeling
|
A 3D
modeling technique to describe geometry by its surfaces. This is typically
used where surface shape is critical such as the design of auto body panels
and aerostructures and industrial design. |
Survey / Enquete
|
são um tipo de dado primário para pesquisa de mercado
obtido por meio da coleta de um grande número de dados por meio de um
questionário fechado (objetivo). O tipo de enquete depende do meio utilizado,
podendo ser feito por telefone, fax, pessoalmente, por correio ou por correio
eletrônico. |
Synthesis
|
Translation
and optimization of an HDL specification into a gate level implementation. |
System Hierarchy Diagram
|
The
diagram used to represent product architectures. This diagram illustrates how
the product is broken into its chunks |
Systems and Practices
|
Established
methods, procedures and activities that either drive or hinder product
development. These may relate to the firm's day-to-day business or may be
specific to product development |
Systems and Practices Team
|
Senior
managers representing all functions who work together to identify and change
those systems and practices hindering product development and who establish
new tools, systems and practices for improving product development |
T |
|
Taguchi Methods (TM)
|
A
quality engineering methodology developed by Genichi Taguchi that includes
off-line quality control, on-line quality control, and system of experimental
design to reduce costs and improve quality. See Design of
Experiments. |
Tape Automated Bonding (TAB)
|
component
packaging technology where special lead frames are used for interconnecting
and carrying an integrated circuit for later attachment to a PWB. |
Target Cost
|
A cost
objective established for a new product based on consideration of customer
affordability requirements. Target cost is treated as an independent variable
that must be satisfied along with other customer requirements rather than the
result of design decisions (dependent variable). Target cost calculated by
subtracting the desired profit margin from a market-based price established
to achieve a desired sales volume to arrive at a deired cost. This cost would
be considered the unit production cost that is expected to be achieved during
a mature production stage plus other warranty costs and selling, general and
administrative costs. |
Target Finish Date (TF)
|
The date
that work is planned (targeted) to finish on an activity. |
Target Market
|
The
group of consumers or potential customers selected for marketing. A
market segment of consumers |
Target Schedule
|
See baseline. |
Target Start Date (TS)
|
The date
that work is planned (targeted) to start on an activity. |
Task
|
The
smallest describable unit of accomplishment in completing a deliverable |
Taxa de transferência
|
capacidade efetiva de transporte de dados em um
canal. Normalmente medida em bits por segundo (bps) e representa uma parte da
capacidade total (banda) de um sistema de comunicação. |
Team
|
That
group of persons who participate or manage the participation in the product
development project. Frequently each team member represents a function,
department, or specialty, and together they provide the full set of
capabilities needed to complete the project, in which case they are referred
to as a multifunctional team |
Team Development
|
Developing
individual and group competencies to enhance project performance. |
Team Leader
|
The
person leading the new product team. Responsible for ensuring that milestones
and deliverables are achieved, even though they may not have any authority
over project participants |
Team Members
|
See project team members |
Technical Performance Measurement
|
Technical
performance measurement compares technical accomplishments during project
execution to the project plans schedule of technical achievement. |
Technology Roadmap
|
A
tabular or graphic representation of technology plans mapped against time to
guide the selection and use of technology in new product development or
represent the technology embodied in future products. |
Technology Transfer
|
Procedimentos, conceitos, métodos e instrumentos
legais que auxiliem e garantem a comercialização e uso de bens intelectuais.
Em última instância, abordam os aspectos técnicos, legais, econômicos,
gerenciais e éticos relacionados com as garantias dos direitos de
proprietários de propriedades intelectuais e dos usuários que buscam fazer
uso destes bens com fins comerciais.
É uma área bastante estratégica para o incentivo do desenvolvimento
tecnologico e crescimento industrial de um país. |
Technology-Driven
|
A new
product or new product strategy based on the strength of a technical
capability. Sometimes called "solutions in search of
problems |
Test Markets
|
The
launching of a new product into one or more limited geographic regions in a
very controlled manner, and measuring consumer response to the product and
its launch. When multiple geographies are used in the test, different
advertising or pricing policies may be tested and the results compared |
Test Requirements
Specification Language (TRSL)
|
proposed IEEE standard |
Testability
|
The characteristic
of a product's design that facilitates it's testing during
development/qualification, in production, and in the field |
Text Mining
|
É o processo que tem por finalidade extrair
conhecimento de dados, semi ou não estruturados, formados por descrições
textuais. |
Theory of Inventive Problem
Solving (TIPS ou TRIZ)
|
Theory
of Inventive Problem Solving - a structured methodology for problem solving
and innovation based on analysis and codification of technology solutions
from millions of patents |
Think Links
|
Stimuli
used in divergent thinking to help participants make new connections using
seemingly unrelated concepts from a list of people, places or things |
Think-Tank
|
Environments
created by management to generate new ideas or approaches to solving
organizational problems |
Thought Organizers
|
Tools
which help categorize information associated with ideas such that the ideas can
be placed into groups which can be more easily compared or evaluated |
Three R's
|
The
fundamental steps of Record, Recall, and Reconstruct which most creative
minds go through when generating new product ideas |
Threshold Criteria
|
The minimum
acceptable performance targets for any product development project being
proposed or considered |
Thumbnail
|
The most
minimal form of sketching, usually using pencils, to represent a product idea |
Time Compression Technology (TCT)
|
Technology
to support the product development process, that when effectively integrated
into the process, offers opportunity for significant reductions in cycle
time. These include CAD, CAE, CAM, PDM and rapid
prototyping. |
Time to Market (TTM) / Tempo de desenvolvimento do produto
|
The
length of time it takes to develop a new product from an early initial idea
for a new product to initial market sales. Precise definitions of the start
and end point vary from one company to another, and may vary from one project
to another within the company / É o tempo que uma empresa leva desenvolvendo
um produto, desde o início do desenvolvimento até o seu lançamento no
mercado. Normalmente é uma das mais importantes métricas do
processo de desenvolvimento de produtos |
Time-Scaled Network Diagram
|
Any
project network diagram drawn in such a way that the positioning and length
of the activity represent its duration. Essentially, it is a bar chart that
includes network logic. |
Tolerance / Tolerancia
|
Conjunto de técnicas para especificação de
tolerâncias às especificações nominais de parâmetros de componentes de
produtos. Abrange desde tolerâncias dimensionais, como os relacionados com
outras grandezas físicas. |
Tone
|
The
feeling, emotion, or attitude most associated with using a product. The
appropriate tone is important to include in consumer new product concepts and
advertising |
Total Float
(TF)
|
See Float |
Total Quality Management (TQM)
|
A business improvement philosophy which comprehensively
and continuously involves all of an organization's functions in improvement
activities / Filosofia de gestão da qualidade baseada nos princípios de
melhoria contínua e satisfação total dos clientes. |
Total Quality Management (TQM)
|
Abordagem de gestão global de uma organização, que
envolve a coordenação da qualidade em toda a organização e na sua rede de
fornecedores e de clientes, orientada para satisfação total dos agentes
envolvidos (clientes, acionistas, funcionários, fornecedores e sociedade) por
meio da melhoria contínua dos produtos e processos |
Tracking Studies
|
Surveys
of consumers (usually conducted by telephone) following the product's launch
to measure consumer awareness, attitudes, trial, adoption and repurchase
rates |
Transference
|
See risk transference. |
Triggers
|
Triggers,
sometimes called risk symptoms or warning signs, are indications that a risk
has occurred or is about to occur. Triggers may be discovered in the risk identification
process and watched in the risk monitoring and control process. |
U |
|
Unidade de Negócio
|
trata-se uma divisão organizacional de uma empresa, a
qual torna-se responsável |
Universal Resource Locator (URL)
|
A series
of letters or numbers that acts as an address for a world wide web (WWW) site |
US Product Data
Association (US PRO)
|
www.scra.org
/ www.scra.org |
User
|
Any
person who uses a product or service to solve a problem or obtain a benefit,
whether or not they purchase it. Users may consume a product, as in the case
of a person using shampoo to clean their hair or eating a potato chip to
assuage hunger between meals. Users may not directly consume a product, but
may interact with it over a longer period of time, like a family owning a
car, with multiple family members using it for many purposes over a number of
years. Products also are employed in the production of other products or
services, where the users may be the manufacturing personnel who operate the
equipment |
Utilities
|
The
weights derived from conjoint analysis that measure how much a product
feature contributes to purchase interest or preference |
V |
|
Value Analysis (VA) / Análise de valor
|
A effort
to analyze systems and designs to satisfy needed user requirements at
sufficient quality (functions) at an optimium cost (maximize value). |
Value Engineering (VE)
|
Structured
methodology for applying value analysis or function analysis to increase
customer or user value. A formal technique to eliminate, without impairing
essential functions or characteristics, anything that unnecessarily increases
the cost of a product. It is a disciplined system for accomplishing the
functions that the customer needs and wants at the lowest cost |
Value-added
|
The act
or process by which tangible product features or intangible service
attributes are bundled, combined or packaged with other features and
attributes to create a competitive advantage, reposition a product or
increase sales |
Vantagem competitiva
|
valor que uma empresa consegue criar para seus
compradores e que a diferencia dos demais concorrentes. Porter, 1992 |
Variability Reduction (VR)
|
A
multi-part strategy to reduce product variation and make a product more
robust or fit to use through design of experiments, design within process
capabilities, and process improvement. |
Variational Geometry
|
A capability
of 2D and 3D modeling systems in which the user defines a model by dimensions
and contraints, which are then solved by a series of simultaneous equations
to create and modify geometry. |
Vault
|
A
product data management (PDM) system data storage areas or databases.
Information stored in PDM system vaults is controlled by system rules and
processes. |
Verband der Automobilindustrie (VDA)
|
German
product data exchange standard |
Verilog
|
HDL
similar to VHDL (IEEE Standard 1364) |
Version
|
Versions
of an object or product sructures are used to represent the different objects
or structures as they change during their lives as objects or products. |
Very Deep Sub-Micron
design (VDSM)
|
relates
to the design of integrated circuits with feature sizes less than .25um. |
VHDL Initiative Toward ASIC
Libraries (VITAL)
|
(IEEE
1076) - standards for back annotation, timing, and high-performance
primitives for the purpose of speeding the introduction of ASIC libraries. |
VHSIC Hardware Description
Language (VHDL)
|
(IEEE
Standard 1076-1987, ANSI Standard 1076-1988) - A computer language that
provides designers with ability to model computer-simulatable descriptions of
digital electronics, to communicate logical and physical interconnection
between the models created, and to exchange the resulting digital electronic
product data among different organizations. |
Virtual / Virtual
|
Vem do latim medieval virtualis, derivado de virtus,
força, potência. Refere-se ao que não existe como realidade, mas sim como
potência ou faculdade, porém sem exercício ou efeito atual .Filosoficamente
diz-se do que está predeterminado
e contém todas as condições essenciais para a sua realização. Qualquer
coisa aparente sem definição prefixada que se contrapõe com o real ou o real
absoluto. No uso corrente, a palavra virtual é empregada com freqüência virtual é como o complexo
problemático, o nó de tendências ou de forças que acompanha uma situação, um
acontecimento, um objeto ou uma entidade qualquer, e que se chama um processo
de resolução: a atualização. Esse complexo problemático pertence à entidade
considerada e constitui inclusive uma de suas dimensões maiores. |
Virtual Enterprise
|
Rede temporária de empresas unidas pela tecnologia de
informação para explorarem conjuntamente um mercado e dividirem riscos e
custos, beneficiando-se pela soma de suas competências |
Virtual Factory / Fábrica Virtual
|
modelo computacional da fábrica que descreve os principais aspectos da fábrica
real de maneira integrada e efetue previsões muito mais precisas do seu
desempenho dentro das mais diversificadas configurações e políticas |
Virtual Reality (VR)
|
Technology
that enables users to "enter" and navigate through a
computer-generated 3D environment. It allows users to change their viewpoint
and interact with objects created in the environment in a way that mimics the
real world. |
Virtual Reality Modeling
Language (VRML)
|
a language
for viewing and interacting with 3D models. |
Visionary Companies
|
Leading
innovators in their industries, they rank first or second in market share,
profitability, growth, and shareholder performance. A substantial (e.g.
thirty percent or more) of their sales are from products introduced in the
last three years and everyone wants to benchmark them |
Voice of the Customer (VOC)
|
A
process for eliciting needs from consumers which uses structured in-depth interviews
to lead interviewees through a series of situations in which they have
experienced and found solutions to the set of problems being investigated.
Needs are obtained through indirect questioning by coming to understand how
the consumers found ways to meet their needs, and more importantly, why they
chose the particular solutions they found |
W |
|
Waste
|
Any
activity which utilizes equipment, materials, parts, space, employee time or other
corporate resource beyond the minimum amount required for value-added
operations to insure manufacturability. These activities could include
waiting, accumulating semi-processed parts, reloading, passing materials from
one hand to the other and other non-productive processes. The seven basic
categories of waste which a business should strive to eliminate:
overproduction, waiting for machines, transportation time, process time,
excess inventory, excess motion and defects |
WAVES
|
IEEE test
language which provides a standard representation for stimulus and response
data in support of the design and test of digital devices |
Wire Frame
|
A
geometric model that describes 3D geometry by outlining its edges, similar to
a "stick figure". |
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
|
É, na verdade, um conjunto de protocolos que foram
projetados especificamente para tratar de problemas associados à mobilidade
do usuário que deseja acessar informações na Internet. Dentre estes problemas
estão o de segurança, o do acesso pela tecnologia de celular e a baixa
resolução gráfica fornecida por estes aparelhos telefônicos. |
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
|
A
hierarchical tree structure decomposing a project into activties and
sub-activities to help define and control the project and its elements of
work. |
Work Item
|
Term no
longer in common usage. Synonymous with activity – see activity |
Work Package
|
A
deliverable at the lowest level of the project manager to plan and execute. This
may be accomplished through the use of a subproject where the work package
may be further decomposed into activity. |
Workaround
|
A
response to a negative risk event. Distinguished from contingency plan in
that a workaround is not planned in advance of the occurrence of the risk
event. |
Workflow / Fluxo de Trabalho
|
Workflow é a tecnologia que engloba um conjunto de
ferramentas que permitem a automação do fluxo de trabalho. A principal função
de um sistema Workflow no contexto de Workgroup Computing é a automação de um
processo estruturado e a eliminação de tarefas improdutivas |
Work-Flow Design Team
|
Functional
contributors who work together to create and execute the work-flow component
of a stage-gate system. They decide how the firm's stage-gate process will be
structured, what tasks it will include, what decision points will be included
and who is involved at all points |
World Wide Web (WWW) / Rede (ou Teia) de Alcance Mundial
(WWW)
|
Programa para simplificar a troca de dados pela
Internet . É baseado na técnica do hipertexto, onde se clica com o mouse nas
palavras-chave do texto para acessar assuntos relacionados a elas. Os recursos disponíveis no ambiente
WWW são referenciados por um tipo especial de endereço, chamado URL. |
Worth What Paid For (WWPF)
|
The
quantitative evaluation by a person in your customer segment of the question:
"Considering the products and services that your vendor offers, are they
worth what you paid for them? |